FIGURE 17.1 Federal funds rate (percent per year) RS 4 WU 2 RD 0 60 70 80 90 100 1 10 Reserves on deposit at the Fed (billions of dollars)\fFIGURE 17.4 FIGURE 17.5 Federal funds rate (percent) Nominal interest rate (percent) 6 . .... RS -... MS 5 un W W RD MD 90 91 92 93 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Reserves on deposit at the Fed Real money (billions of dollars) (trillions of 2009 dollars) FIGURE 17.6 FIGURE 17.7 Real interest rate (percent) Price level (GDP price index) SLF 140..... AS W 130 ..... N 120 110 DLF AD 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 Loanable funds Real GDP (trillions of 2009 dollars) (trillions of 2009 dollars)