First step - you need to understand each individual components of the income statement (also called a Profit & Loss Statement or P&L Statement):

Sales (Revenue)

The sales figure represents the amount of revenue generated by the business. It is calculated as the total of the number of units sold multiplied by the selling price per unit. The amount recorded here is the total sales, minus any product returns or sales discounts.

Cost of Goods Sold

This number represents the costs directly associated with making or acquiring your products. Costs include materials purchased from outside suppliers used in the manufacture of your product, as well as any internal expenses directly expended in the manufacturing process.

In a service business where you, as the owner, are the only expense in supplying the service, and you do not pay yourself a salary beyond the company profits, your service expense may be zero. However, in a service business where you pay yourself a salary or have employees, the cost of their labor, including benefits, would be part of your cost of goods sold.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold from net sales. It does not include any operating expenses or income taxes.

Operating Expenses

These are the daily expenses incurred in the operation of your business. In this sample, they are divided into two categories: selling and marketing and general/administrative expenses.

• Sales salaries: These are the salaries plus bonuses and commissions paid to your sales staff.
• Collateral and promotions: Collateral fees are expenses incurred in the creation or purchase of printed sales materials used by your sales staff in marketing and selling your product. Promotion fees include any product samples and giveaways used to promote or sell your product.
• Advertising: These represent all costs involved in creating and placing print or multimedia advertising.
• Other sales costs: These include any other costs associated with selling your product. They may include travel, client meals, sales meetings, equipment rental for presentations, copying, or miscellaneous printing costs.
• Office salaries: These are the salaries of full- and part-time office personnel.
• Rent: This is the fee incurred to rent or lease office or industrial space.
• Utilities: These include costs for heating, air conditioning, electricity, Internet, and phone usage incurred in connection with your business.
• Depreciation: Depreciation is an annual expense that takes into account the loss in value of equipment used in your business. Some examples of equipment that may be subject to depreciation include computers, office furniture, automobiles, and buildings that you own. If you dont understand depreciation, dont worry; I will explain it more carefully in a separate section.
• Other overhead costs: Expense items that do not fall into any of the above categories or cannot be clearly associated with a particular product or function are considered to be other overhead costs. These types of expenses may include insurance, office supplies, or cleaning services.

Total Expenses

This is a tabulation of all expenses incurred in running your business, exclusive of taxes or interest expense on interest income, if any.

Net Income Before Taxes

This number represents the amount of income earned by a business prior to paying income taxes. This figure is arrived at by subtracting total operating expenses from gross profit.

Taxes

This is the amount of income taxes that you owe to the federal government and, if applicable, state and local government. Typically, a pro-forma (future forecast) income statement projects a 25% tax rate.

Net Income

This is the amount of money the business has earned after paying income taxes.

INFORMATION TO BE REPLICATED IN EXCEL SPREADSHEET TO CONSTRUCT YOUR INCOME STATEMENT Income Statement for Crest Shoe Company Inc. For Year Ending 12/31/19 Sales Gross Sales Less Returns Net Sales $1,139,437 $1,805 $1,137,632 Cost of Goods Sold Materials Contract Manufacturing Licensing Payments Total Cost of Goods Sold $47,036 $247,950 $76,387 $371,373 Gross Profit ?????????? Operating Expenses MARKETING & SALES Sales & Mktg Salaries Collateral & Promotions Advertising Other Sales & Mkt Costs Total Marketing & Sales Expenses $137,243 $13,381 $27,313 $3,412 $181,349 GENERAL & ADMINISTRATIVE Office Salaries Rent Utilities Depreciation Other Overhead Costs Total General & Administrative $115,823 $49,315 $17,384 $11,939 $28,875 $223,336 Total Operating Expenses $404,685 Net Income Before Taxes ??????????? Taxes (25%) $90,394 Net Income