Fitts and Posner's Stages

Fitts and Posner's first stage is the cognitive stage, where the learner's main goal is to understand the basic components of the motor skill movement pattern. The second stage is the associative stage, in which the goal of the task has shifted from learning how to solve the movement problem to refining the movement. The third and final stage in Fitts and Posner's learning model is the autonomous stage, in which the performer is at the highest level of motor skill proficiency

1. List characteristics for soccer juggling in the cognitive stage
2. List characteristics for soccer juggling in the associative stage
3. List characteristics for soccer juggling in the autonomous stage

Bernstein's Learning Stages

Bernstein's learning model has three stages: freezing of the limbs, releasing of the limbs, and exploitation of the environment. Degrees of freedom are initially restricted to increase the opportunity for some level of success during early learning. These degrees of freedom are later released as the learner progresses.

Does soccer juggling illustrate Bernstein's learning stages? Explain why or why not.

Gentile's Learning Stages

Gentile's first stage of learning, the getting the idea of the movement stage, has two main goals: (1) to understand the movement coordination required to perform the movement task and (2) to determine the regulatory and nonregulatory conditions of the movement. The second stage is broken up into two parts depending on the predictability of the environment. All learners will progress to the fixation stage, in which practice should be designed with a focus upon consistency of the movement pattern. Learners who are practicing an open skill will progress to the diversification stage, in which the practitioner should vary practice in an open environment.

Explain how a practitioner would set up the learning environment for soccer juggling for an individual who was in

Stage 1: Getting the idea of the movement

Stage 2: Fixation and diversification