Following are the topics included in the final exam.

Basic concepts about data, databases, types of databases and problems in filing systems.

Early database models, i$.$e$,$ hierarchical, network and Relational Models

Characteristics of Relational Model

Extended Relational Model

Normalization

Database Development Life Cycle

Conceptual, logical$,$ and physical models

Structured Query Language $($SQL$)$

Transaction and Concurrency Control