Following is what I am having trouble on...

A. Explain how a person can choose freely, but his or her choices are causally determined by past events.

B. Draw the causal tree for Newcomb's Problem when Eve cannot perfectly detect Adam's causal history.

C. Derive the expected payoff formulas conditional on taking money from the black box only, or from both boxes. Then use them to solve for another formula that equals the smallest value of M (denoted Mmin ) required in order for Adam's average benefit from opening only the black box instead of both boxes by at least some positive multiple of the guaranteed money L in the clear box. What is the resulting formula for Mmin .

Finally, assume (L, ) = (500, 3), (r, w) = (.55, .45) and use this formula to calculate Mmin for this case.