For Crash Course #5, imagine that you focus on the Mostly Empty or Mostly Full conditions (for this crash course, ignore the "Half Full" condition). But you wonder whether participants need to physically be in the theater in order for deindividuation to occur. That is, what if participants just imagined being in a theater? You create two new conditions in which participants imagine being in a theater that is either Mostly Empty or Mostly Full. This gives you four study conditions, with Participants in 1). A Live theater that is Mostly Empty, 2). A Live theater that is Mostly Full, 3). An Imagined theater that is Mostly Empty, or 4). An Imagined theater that is Mostly Full. All participants still watch the PSA from the Will Rogers Institute (with those in the Live theater conditions watching it on the movie screen and those in the Imagined condition watching it on a laboratory television). All participants are then asked if they would be willing to donate $10 to the charity on a scale ranging from 0 (I am not willing to donate) to 10 (I am very willing to donate).

You have several predictions that focus on two main effects and one interaction. For the main effect of Crowd Size, you predict that participants will be more willing to donate when the theater is Mostly Full than when it is Mostly Empty. For the main effect of Location, you predict no differences. That is, participants will be similarly willing to donate in both the Live theater and Imagined theater conditions. For the interaction, you predict that participants will be equally willing to donate in the Live theater + Mostly Empty condition and the Imagined theater + Mostly Empty condition, though participants in both of these conditions will be more willing to donate than participants in the Live theater + Mostly Full condition and the Imagined Theater + Mostly Full condition, with no differences emerging between these last two conditions. In other words, regardless of whether they are in a Live or Imagined theater, participants will be more willing to donate when the theater is Mostly Full.

Using this study, answer the questions below and transfer your answers to your Crash Course in Statistics - The 2 X 2 ANOVA Quiz #5 in Canvas (1 point per question). IMPORTANT: The answer options in Canvas may not be in the same order you see them below, so make sure to copy over the CONTENT of the answer and not simply the answer letter (A, B, C, D, or E). Note: If you want to run these analyses yourself, look for the SPSS file called "#5 2 X 2 Crash Course Data Deindividuation Fall"in Canvas - not required, but definitely recommended!)

1). What are the independent and dependent variables in this study? Choose the best option from those listed below.

A. There are two independent variables. First, there is the Crowd Size condition (Mostly Empty versus Half Full). Second, there is the Location condition (Live versus Imagined). There is one dependent variable: participant ratings ofhow willing they are to donate $10 to the charity on a scale ranging from 0 (I am not willing to donate) to 10 (I am very willing to donate).

B. There are two independent variables. First, there is the Crowd Size condition (Mostly Empty versus Mostly Full). Second, there is the Location condition (Live versus Imagined). There is one dependent variable: participant ratings of how willing they are to donate $10 to the charity on a scale ranging from 1 (I am not willing to donate) to 7 (I am very willing to donate).

C. There are two independent variables. First, there is the Crowd Size condition (Mostly Empty versus Mostly Full). Second, there is the Location condition (Live versus Imagined). There are two dependent variables. First, participants provide ratings of howwilling they are to donate $10 to the charity on a scale ranging from 0 (I am not willing to donate) to 10 (I am very willing to donate). Second, they rate whether they thought the crowd size was small or large.

D. There are two independent variables. First, there is the Crowd Size condition (Mostly Empty versus Mostly Full). Second, there is the Location condition (Live versus Imagined). There is one dependent variable: participant ratings ofhow willing they are to donate $10 to the charity on a scale ranging from 0 (I am not willing to donate) to 10 (I am very willing to donate).

E. There are four independent variables. First, there is the Mostly Full Crowd Size. Second, there is the Mostly Empty Crowd Size condition. Third, there is the Live theater condition. Fourth, there is the Imagined theater condition. There is one dependent variable: participant ratings ofhow willing they are to donate $10 to the charity on a scale ranging from 0 (I am not willing to donate) to 10 (I am very willing to donate).

You run a Factorial AVOVA on this data set and get the following SPSS output. Using this output, interpret the information.

Descriptive Statistics Dependent Variable: How willing are participants to donate? Theater Crowd Size (1 = Mostly Empty, 2 = Mostlyr Theater Location (1 = Full) Live, 2 = Imagined) Mean Std. Deviation Mostly Empty Live 6.80 .553 20 Imagined 6.80 .616 20 Total 6.85 .580 40 Mostly Full Live 660 .940 20 Imagined 6.10 1.165 20 Total 6.35 1.075 40 Total Live 6.75 .776 4D Imagined 6.45 .986 40 Total 6.60 .884 80 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: How willing are participants to donate? Type Ill Sum Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 7.600 3 2.533 3.463 .020 Intercept 3484.800 3484.800 4763.396 .000 CrowdSize 5.000 5.000 6.835 .01 1 Location 1.800 1.800 2.460 121 CrowdSize * Location .800 .800 1.094 299 Error 55.600 76 732 Total 3548.000 80 Corrected Total 63.200 79Descriptive Statistics Dependent Variable: How willing are participants to donate? Theater Crowd Size (1 = Mostly Empty. 2 = Mostly Full) Mostly Empty Mostly Full Theater Location (1 = Live. 2: Imagined) Mean Std. Deviation Live 6.90 .553 20 Imagined 6.80 .616 20 Total 6.35 .530 40 Live 660 .940 20 Imagined 6.10 1.165 20 Total 6.35 1.075 40 Tests of Between-Subjects Effects Dependent Variable: How willing are participants to donate? Theater Crowd Size (1 = Mostly Empty, 2 = Mostly Type Ill Sum Full) Source of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Mostly Empty Corrected Model .100 .100 .292 592 Intercept 1876.900 1876.900 5486.323 000 Location .100 100 .292 592 Error 13.000 38 .342 Total 1890.000 40 Corrected Total 13.100 39 Mostly Full Corrected Model 2.500 2.500 2.230 .144 Intercept 1612.900 1612.900 1438.737 000 Location 2.500 2.500 2.230 .144 Error 42.600 38 1.121 Total 1658.000 40 Corrected Total 45.100 39