For discount factors use Exhibit 12B-1 and Exhibit 12B-2. Skiba Company is thinking about two different modifications to its current manufacturing process. The after-tax cash flows associated with the two investments follow: Year Project I Project II 0 $(100,000) $(100,000) 1 63,857 2 134,560 63,857 Skiba's cost of capital is 9%. Required: 1. Compute the NPV and the IRR for each investment. Round present value calculations and your final NPV answers to the nearest dollar. Round IRR answers to the nearest whole percent. NPV IRR Project 1 $ x 16 % Project II x 18 % 2. Conceptual Connection: Explain why the project with the larger NPV is the correct choice for NPV is an absolute profitability measure and reveals how much the value of the firm will change for each project. IRR gives a measure of relative profitability. Thus, since NPV reveals the total wealth change attributable to each project, it is preferred to the IRR measure. Exhibit 12B.1 Present Value of a Single Amount* n/ 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% 25% 30% 1 0.99010 0.98039 0.97087 0.96154 0.95238 0.94340 0.93458 0.92593 0.91743 0.90909 0.89286 0.87719 0.86207 0.84746 0.83333 0.80000 0.76923 2 0.98030 0.96117 0.94260 0.92456 0.90703 0.89000 0.87344 0.85734 0.84168 0.82645 0.79719 0.76947 0.74316 0.71818 0.69444 0.64000 0.59172 3 0.97059 0.94232 0.91514 0.88900 0.86384 0.83962 0.81630 0.79383 0.77218 0.75131 0.71178 0.67497 0.64066 0.60863 0.57870 0.51 200 0.45517 4 0.96098 0.92385 0.88849 0.85480 0.82270 0.79209 0.76290 0.73503 0.70843 0.68301 0.63552 0.59208 0.55229 0.51579 0.48225 0.40960 0.35013 5 0.95147 0.90573 0.86261 0.82193 0.78353 0.74726 0.71299 0.68058 0.64993 0.62092 0.56743 0.51937 0.47611 0.43711 0.40188 0.32768 0.26933 6 0.94205 0.88797 0.83748 0.79031 0.74622 0.70496 0.66634 0.63017 0.59627 0.56447 0.50663 0.45559 0.41044 0.37043 0.33490 0.26214 0.20718 7 0.93272 0.87056 0.81309 0.75992 0.71068 0.66506 0.62275 0.58349 0.54703 0.51316 0.45235 0.39964 0.35383 0.31393 0.27908 0.20972 0.15937 8 0.92348 0.85349 0.78941 0.73069 0.67684 0.62741 0.58201 0.54027 0.50187 0.46651 0.40388 0.35056 0.30503 0.26604 0.23257 0.16777 0.12259 9 0.91434 0.83676 0.76642 0.70259 0.64461 0.59190 0.54393 0.50025 0.46043 0.42410 0.36061 0.30751 0.26295 0.22546 0.19381 0.13422 0.09430 10 0.90529 0.82035 0.74409 0.67556 0.61391 0.55839 0.50835 0.46319 0.42241 0.38554 0.32197 0.26974 0.22668 0.19106 0.16151 0.10737 0.07254 11 0.89632 0.80426 0.72242 0.64958 0.58468 0.52679 0.47509 0.42888 0.38753 0.35049 0.28748 0.23662 0.19542 0.16192 0.13459 0.08590 0.05580 12 0.88745 0.78849 0.70138 0.62460 0.55684 0.49697 0.44401 0.39711 0.35553 0.31863 0.25668 0.20756 0.16846 0.13722 0.11216 0.06872 0.04292 13 0.87866 0.77303 0.68095 0.60057 0.53032 0.46884 0.41496 0.36770 0.32618 0.28966 0.22917 0.18207 0.14523 0.11629 0.09346 0.05498 0.03302 14 0.86996 0.75788 0.66112 0.57748 0.50507 0.44230 0.38782 0.34046 0.29925 0.26333 0.20462 0.15971 0.12520 0.09855 0.07789 0.04398 0.02540 15 0.86135 0.74301 0.64186 0.55526 0.48102 0.41727 0.36245 0.31524 0.27454 0.23939 0.18270 0.14010 0.10793 0.08352 0.06491 0.03518 0.01954 16 0.85282 0.72845 0.62317 0.53391 0.45811 0.39365 0.33873 0.29189 0.25187 0.21763 0.16312 0.12289 0.09304 0.07078 0.05409 0.02815 0.01503 17 0.84438 0.71416 0.60502 0.51337 0.43630 0.37136 0.31657 0.27027 0.23107 0.19784 0.14564 0.10780 0.08021 0.05998 0.04507 0.02252 0.01156 18 0.83602 0.70016 0.58739 0.49363 0.41552 0.35034 0.29586 0.25025 0.21199 0.17986 0.13004 0.09456 0.06914 0.05083 0.03756 0.01801 0.00889 19 0.82774 0.68643 0.57029 0.47464 0.39573 0.33051 0.27651 0.23171 0.19449 0.16351 0.11611 0.08295 0.05139 0.04308 0.03130 0.01441 0.00684 20 0.81954 0.67297 0.55368 0.45639 0.37689 0.31180 0.25842 0.21455 0.17843 0.14864 0.10367 0.07276 0.05139 0.03651 0.02608 0.01153 0.00526 21 0.81143 0.65978 0.53755 0.43883 0.35894 0.29416 0.24151 0.19866 0.16370 0.13513 0.09256 0.06383 0.04430 0.03094 0.02174 0.00922 0.00405 22 0.80340 0.64684 0.52189 0.42196 0.34185 0.27751 0.22571 0.18394 0.15018 0.12285 0.08264 0.05599 0.03819 0.02622 0.01811 0.00738 0.00311 23 0.79544 0.63416 0.50669 0.40573 0.32557 0.26180 0.21095 0.17032 0.13778 0.11168 0.07379 0.04911 0.03292 0.02222 0.01509 0.00590 0.00239 24 0.78757 0.62172 0.49193 0.39012 0.31007 0.24698 0.19715 0.15770 0.12640 0.10153 0.06588 0.04308 0.02838 0.01883 0.01258 0.00472 0.00184 25 0.77977 0.60953 0.47761 0.37512 0.29530 0.23300 0.18425 0.14602 0.11597 0.09230 0.05882 0.03779 0.02447 0.01596 0.01048 0.00378 0.00142 26 0.77205 0.59758 0.46369 0.36069 0.28124 0.21981 0.17220 0.13520 0.10639 0.08391 0.05252 0.03315 0.02109 0.01352 0.00874 0.00302 0.00109 27 0.76440 0.58586 0.45019 0.34682 0.26785 0.20737 0.16093 0.12519 0.09761 0.07628 0.04689 0.02908 0.01818 0.01146 0.00728 0.00242 0.00084 28 0.75684 0.57437 0.43708 0.33348 0.25509 0.19563 0.15040 0.11591 0.08955 0.06934 0.04187 0.02551 0.01567 0.00971 0.00607 0.00193 0.00065 29 0.74934 0.56311 0.42435 0.32065 0.24295 0.18456 0.14056 0.10733 0.08215 0.06304 0.03738 0.02237 0.01351 0.00823 0.00506 0.00155 0.00050 30 0.74192 0.55207 0.41199 0.30832 0.23138 0.17411 0.13137 0.09938 0.07537 0.05731 0.03338 0.01963 0.01165 0.00697 0.00421 0.00124 0.00038 *P = A/(1+1)" Exhibit 12B.2 Present Value of an Annuity* 10% 12% 14% 20% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 16% 18% 25% 30% 0.99010 0.98039 0.97087 0.96154 0.95238 0.94340 0.93458 0.92593 0.91743 0.90909 0.89286 0.87719 0.86207 0.84746 0.83333 0.80000 0.76923 2 1.97040 1.94156 1.91347 1.88609 1.85941 1.83339 1.80802 1.78326 1.75911 1.73554 1.69005 1.64666 1.60523 1.56564 1.52778 1.44000 1.36095 3 2.94099 2.88388 2.82861 2.77509 2.72325 2.67301 2.62432 2.57710 2.53129 2.48685 2.40183 2.32163 2.24589 2.17427 2.10648 1.95200 1.81611 4 3.90197 3.80773 3.71710 3.62990 3.54595 3.46511 3.38721 3.31213 3.23972 3.16987 3.03735 2.91371 2.79818 2.69006 2.58873 2.36160 2.16624 4.85343 4.71346 4.57971 4.45182 4.32948 4.21236 4.10020 3.99271 3.88965 3.79079 3.60478 3.43308 3.274293.12717 2.99061 2.68928 2.43557 6 5.79548 5.60143 5.41719 5.24214 5.07569 4.91732 4.76654 4.62288 4.48592 4.35526 4.11141 3.88867 3.68474 3.49760 3.32551 2.95142 2.64275 7 6.72819 6.47199 6.23028 6.00205 5.78637 5.58238 5.38929 5.20637 5.03295 4.86842 4.56376 4.28830 4.03857 3.81153 3.60459 3.16114 2.80211 8 7.65168 7.32548 7.01969 6.73274 6.46321 6.20979 5.97130 5.74664 5.53482 5.33493 4.96764 4.63886 4.34359 4.07757 3.83716 3.32891 2.92470 9 8.56602 8.16224 7.78611 7.43533 7.10782 6.80169 6.51523 6.24689 5.99525 5.75902 5.32825 4.94637 4.60654 4.30302 4.03097 3.46313 3.01900 10 9.47130 8.98259 8.53020 8.11090 7.72173 7.36009 7.02358 6.71008 6.41766 6.14457 5.65022 5.21612 4.83323 4.49409 4.19247 3.57050 3.09154 11 10.36763 9.78685 9.25262 8.76048 8.30641 7.88687 7.49867 7.13896 6.80519 6.49506 5.93770 5.45273 5.02864 4.65601 4.32706 3.65640 3.14734 12 11.25508 10.57534 9.95400 9.38507 8.86325 8.38384 7.94269 7.53608 7.16073 6.81369 6.19437 5.66029 5.19711 4.79322 4.43922 3.72512 3.19026 13 12.13374 11.34837 10.63496 9.98565 9.39357 8.85268 8.35765 7.90378 7.48690 7.10336 6.42355 5.84236 5.34233 4.90951 4.53268 3.78010 3.22328 14 13.00370 12.10625 11.29607 10.56312 9.89864 9.29498 8.74547 8.24424 7.78615 7.36669 6.62817 6.00207 5.46753 5.00806 4.61057 3.82408 3.24867 15 13.86505 12.84926 11.93794 11.11839 10.37966 9.71225 9.10791 8.55948 8.06069 7.60608 6.81086 6.14217 5.57546 5.09158 4.67547 3.85926 3.26821 16 14.71787 13.57771 12.56110 11.65230 10.83777 10.10590 9.44665 8.85137 8.31256 7.82371 6.97399 6.26506 5.66850 5.16235 4.72956 3.88741 3.28324 17 15.56225 14.29187 13.16612 12.16567 11.27407 10.47726 9.76322 9.12164 8.54363 8.02155 7.11963 6.37286 5.74870 5.22233 4.77463 3.90993 3.29480 18 16.39827 14.99203 13.75351 12.65930 11.68959 10.82760 10.05909 9.37189 8.75563 8.20141 7.24967 6.46742 5.81785 5.27316 4.81219 3.92794 3.30369 19 17.22601 15.67846 14.32380 13.13394 12.08532 11.15812 10.33560 9.60360 8.95011 8.36492 7.36578 6.55037 5.87746 5.31624 4.84350 3.94235 3.31053 20 18.04555 16.35143 14.87747 13.59033 12.46221 11.46992 10.59401 9.81815 9.12855 8.51356 7.46944 6.62313 5.92884 5.35275 4.86958 3.95388 3.31579 21 18.85698 17.01121 15.41502 14.02916 12.82115 11.76408 10.83553 10.01680 9.29224 8.64869 7.56200 6.68696 5.97314 5.38368 4.89132 3.96311 3.31984 22 19.66038 17.65805 15.93692 14.45112 13.16300 12.04158 11.06124 10.20074 9.44243 8.77154 7.64465 6.74294 6.01133 5.40990 4.90943 3.97049 3.32296 23 20.45582 18.29220 16.44361 14.85684 13.48857 12.30338 11.27219 10.37106 9.58021 8.88322 7.71843 6.79206 6.04425 5.43212 4.92453 3.97639 3.32535 24 21.24339 18.91393 16.93554 15.24696 13.79864 12.55036 11.46933 10.52876 9.70661 8.98474 7.78432 6.83514 6.07263 5.45095 4.93710 3.98111 3.32719 25 22.02316 19.52346 17.41315 15.62208 14.09394 12.78336 11.65358 10.67478 9.82258 9.07704 7.84314 6.87293 6.09709 5.46691 4.94759 3.98489 3.32861 26 22.79520 20.12104 17.87684 15.98277 14.37519 13.00317 11.82578 10.80998 9.92897 9.16095 7.89566 6.90608 6.11818 5.48043 4.95632 3.98791 3.32970 27 23.55961 20.70690 18.32703 16.32959 14.64303 13.21053 11.98671 10.93516 10.02658 9.23722 7.94255 6.93515 6.13636 5.49189 4.96360 3.99033 3.33054 28 24.31644 21.28127 18.76411 16.66306 14.89813 13.40616 12.13711 11.05108 10.11613 9.30657 7.98442 6.96066 6.15204 5.50160 4.96967 3.99226 3.33118 29 25.06579 21.84438 19.18845 16.98371 15.14107 13.59072 12.27767 11.15841 10.19828 9.36961 8.02181 6.98304 6.16555 5.50983 4.97472 3.99381 3.33168 30 25.80771 22.39646 19.60044 17.29203 15.37245 13.76483 12.40904 11.25778 10.27365 9.42691 8.05518 7.00266 6.17720 5.51681 4.97894 3.99505 3.33206 *P =(1/01 - 1/(1+1)