For each of the following examples, explain whether this is a case of external or internal economies of scale:

a. Great Wolf Lodge Southern California, an indoor water park and hotel, opened in 2016 in Anaheim minutes from Knotts Berry Farm and Disneyland Resort.

b. Disneyland opened Star Wars Galaxy's Edge, an additional themed area inside the theme park.

c. German textile company Sandler starts a 135,000 square foot expansion of its factory in Perry, Georgia

d. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. locates a new scientific instrument factory in Mebane, NC, which is inside the "Research Triangle" of high-tech firms between Duke University, NC State University, and UNC Chapel Hill.