For each of the following independent transactions a through d$,$ prepare the necessary journal entry $($ifnecessary$)$:$($a$)$ Declared and paid a $$0\mathrm{.}40$ per share cash dividend on $100,000$ shares of preferred stock outstanding.$($b$)$ Declared and distributed a $10\%$ stock dividend on $400,000$ shares of $$5$ par value common stock outstanding.Market price per common share on this date was $$25.($c$)$ Declared and distributed a $2-$for$-1$ stock split on $500,000$ shares of $$10$ par value common stock outstanding.$($d$)$ Declared and distributed a $40\%$ stock dividend on $400,000$ common shares of $$5$ par value common stock outstanding. Market price per common share on this date was $$20.$AccountsDebitsCredits