For each of the following, is it part of demand for yen or supply of yen in the foreign exchange market?

a.A Japanese firm sells its U.S. government securities to obtain funds to buy real estate in Japan.

b.A U.S. import company pays for glassware purchased from a small Japanese producer.

c.A U.S. farm cooperative receives payment from a Japanese importer of U.S. oranges.

d.A U.S. pension fund uses some incoming contributions to buy equity shares of several Japanese companies through the Tokyo stock exchange.