For each of the following scenarios, choose the option from the following list which best describes the treatment of the item on the financial statements of Turkey Inc. for the current year ending December 31, 2020:

a) Change in accounting policy requiring retrospective application

b) Change in estimate

c) Correction of error

d) None of the above

Required

1. In 2020, the company changed its method of recognizing income from the completed-contract method to the percentage-of-completion method.
2. At the end of 2020, an audit revealed that the corporation's allowance for doubtful accounts was too large and should be reduced to 2%. When the audit was performed in 2019, the allowance seemed appropriate.
3. Depreciation on a truck, acquired in 2016, was understated because the service life had been overestimated. The understatement had been made in order to show higher net income in 2017 and 2018.
4. The company switched from average cost to FIFO inventory costing during the current year.
5. In 2020, Turkey introduced a new pension plan for its employees, which included past service costs of $ 50,000. It decided to recognize the $ 50,000 as part of its 2020 pension expense.
6. During 2020, a long-term bond with a carrying value of $3,600,000 was retired at a cost of $4,100,000.
7. After negotiations with Canada Revenue Agency, income taxes owing for 2019 were established at $42,900. They were originally estimated to be $ 28,600.
8. In 2020, the company incurred interest expense of $29,000 on a 20-year bond issue.
9. In calculating the depreciation in 2018 for buildings, an error was made which overstated income in that year by $75,000. The error was discovered in 2020.