For each of the following scenarios, write the type of study design being implemented and the statistical method to be used.

(a) An exercise physiologist structured three types of exercise programs (EPRO) and conducted an experiment to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of each program. The experiment consisted of subjecting an individual to a given exercise program for 8 weeks. At the end of the training program, each individual ran for 6 min after which their heart rate was measured. An exercise program is deemed to be more effective if individuals on that program have lower heart rates after the 6-min run than individuals on another exercise program. Since individuals entered the experiment at differing degrees of fitness, the resting heart rate before beginning training was recorded.

(b) A hospital is implementing a program to improve service quality and productivity. As part of this program the hospital management is attempting to measure and evaluate patient satisfaction. On a random sample of 25 recently discharged patients they collected data on the satisfaction (a subjective measure on an increasing scale), patient age, severity (an index measuring the severity of the patient's illness), an indicator of whether the patient is a surgical or medical patient, and an index measuring the patient's anxiety

(c) A horticulturist conducted an experiment to study the effects of flower variety (factor A: varieties LP, WB) and moisture level (factor B: low, high) on yield of saleable flowers (Y). Because the plots were not of the same size, the horticulturist wished to use plot size (X) as the concomitant variable. Six replications were made for each treatment.