For each of the following sets of data, (1) identify if there are any main effects and an interaction, (2) describe the effects like you would in a Results section, and (3) interpret the findings in a theoretic

For each of the following sets of data, (1) identify if there are any main effects and an interaction, (2) describe the effects like you would in a Results section, and (3) interpret the findings in a theoretical manner. Assuming equal n-sizes in each cell, calculate the marginal means.

1)Stereotype Threate (Steele & Aronson). This study investigates how being a member of a stereotyped minority (African-Americans in this case) affects one's performance on a task. Black and white participants performed a difficult verbal skills task. In half of the conditions, they believe that it is diagnostic of how well they could do on an advanced academic tests (e.g., GRE); in the other conditions, they believed that the task was still in the development phase and, therefore, not really diagnostic of anything at all. They were asked in conditions to try hard. The DV was how many problems they correctly solved. Assume an effect size of 2.5 to be significant.

2)Social Facilitation (Michaels): The experimenters observed pool players from afar and categorized them by skill level. They then watched a full game and recorded the % of shots each player made. In half of the conditions, they

stood around the table like spectators and evaluated the player. In the other conditions, they watched the players unobtrusively from afar. Assume an effect size of 12% to be significant.

3)Suppose the previous study turned out this way.

4)Attachment Styles (Simpson, Rholes, & Nelligan). You relationship during infancy with your primary caregiver may determine your attachment style as an adult. People with a secure attachment style worry that their partner won't reciprocate their desires for intimacy. Those with an avoidant attachment style avoid becoming very intimate in relationships. Male and female participants had their attachment style measured and later were invited to bring their significant other with them to the lab. The participants were told

that they would take part in an experimental procedure that arouses considerable anxiety and distress in most people. They were then left alone, and their interactions with their significant other were covertly recorded and analyzed. The DV was the extent to which participants turned to the significant other for support and comfort during this waiting period (higher scores indicate more support-seeking). Assume an effect size of 1.5 to be significant.

5)Pornography and Aggression (Cantor, Zillman, & Bryant; Donnerstein; Malamuth). Male participant watched either a non-violent erotic film, a violent erotic film (a 'slasher' movie), or no film. They then were the 'teacher' in a Milgram-like study, where they had the opportunity to administer electric shocks to a 'learner' who was either a man or a woman. The DV was the number of shocks participants administered.