For each of the situations described below, determine whether the taxpayer has gross income and, if so, the amount that should be included in gross income on the taxpayers federal income tax return.

(a) The taxpayer finds $500 cash in an envelope behind an old appliance in the taxpayers home.

(b) The taxpayer finds a diamond ring in the attic of the taxpayers home.

(c) The taxpayer purchases a personal residence and finds a valuable painting left behind in the attic.

(d) In the year after the facts in part (c) occur, the artist who created the painting dies, and the painting increases in value by $10,000.

(e) The taxpayer purchases a piano for $15 at a garage sale, but in fact the piano is a rare collectible worth $10,000.