For each situation below (#1-7), indicate whether it is an example of:

1. Classical Conditioning
2. Operant Conditioning
3. Latent Learning
4. Observational Learning

1. Susie is a four-year-old child. One day she watches her mother vacuum the living room. Her mother comments to Susie, "Doesn't the living room look nice now that I've cleaned it?" The next day, her mother finds Susie "vacuuming" the living room with her toy vacuum.

2. You are thinking of asking the teacher for an extension on your paper. Just as you are about to go up to the teacher, another student approaches the teacher with the same request. The teacher appears angry, and very loudly & rudely turns down the student's request for an extension. You decide not to ask for an extension.

3. As a child Mikala loved going to her grandmother's house. She loved her grandmother very much, but her house smelled a bit like mothballs (stinky). Every summer Mikala would spend a lot of time at her grandmother's house. Now, she finds that she enjoys the smell of mothballs.

4. Alison, age four, needs to learn to speak up louder in class. Her parents and teacher agree that whenever Alison speaks up loudly in class, she will get a star on her chart. Whenever she gets at least 25 stars, she will get to go to Baskin-Robbins for ice cream. Alison starts speaking up in class more frequently.

5. One day, on the way home from school, you decide to drive down a side street that you always pass but never take. You are surprised that it runs parallel to the highway and that you could use it sometimes for an alternate route home. A couple months later, there is a major traffic jam on your route and you suddenly remember that you can take the side street to avoid the traffic and get home more quickly.

6. Tom is hammering nails into planks to build a fence. He experiments with holding the nail a different way and immediately hits his thumb with the hammer. OUCH! He continues his work, but he never holds the nail that way again.

7. It is summer time. Sarah and Jeremy are in love. They enjoy being together and are thoroughly relaxed and content in each other's presence. The hit song that summer is "Love Potion #9" and they hear that song a lot when they are together. At the end of the summer, they have to return to their separate colleges, which are quite far apart. That Fall, every time Sarah hears the tune "Love Potion #9," she experiences the same feelings of relaxation and contentment that she felt when she was with Jeremy.

In the following example (#8-12), identify which is being used to control behavior:

1. Positive Reinforcement
2. Negative Reinforcement
3. Punishment by Application
4. Punishment by Removal

8. The smoke detector in Jesse's house is low on batteries. It emits an annoying chirp every few seconds. Jesse installs a new battery so it will stop making that noise.

9. Professor Smith is having difficulty getting students to turn in papers. Previously, he had not assigned credit for homework; rather, he had simply assumed that students would do it for the practice. Professor Smith establishes a policy that all students who turn in papers will get full credit for their work. Students now turn in papers much more often.

10. Jeff is playing with his food at the dinner table. His mother tells him to stop playing with his food. When he does not stop, she takes his food away, leaving Jeff hungry all night. Jeff never plays with his food again.

11. Ari is playing with his food at the dinner table while his parents are trying to carry on an adult conversation. When his mother notices what Ari is doing, she stops talking with her husband and directs her attention to Ari. She yells at him to stop playing with his food, and says that playing with his food is a horrible and disgusting habit. Ari plays with his food again several times during that meal, and even more frequently the next night.

12. Christie is diligently working on an art project at school. Her teacher notices how nicely she is working and praises her loudly for her efforts. Christie immediately seems less interested working on her project. The teacher praises the little bits she completes as time goes on, and Christie stops working on the art project entirely.

For each example given (#13 & #14), identify the unconditioned stimulus (US), unconditioned response (UR), conditioned stimulus (CS) and conditioned response (CR):

13. Art goes to a meeting in New Orleans and tries some oysters at the oyster bar. He likes the taste and eats quite a few. Soon he becomes very ill with an upset stomach. Now, even the thought of oysters makes him nauseous.

US =

UR=

CS =

CR =

14. When Trudy was four, Trudy did not have any particular reaction to, or interest in, yardsticks. From the time she was five, until she was eight, Trudy's parents beat her with a yardstick. Trudy was very upset every time she was beaten. Now Trudy becomes very upset every time she sees a yardstick.

US =

UR =

CS =

CR =