For questions 1 to 3: The following data concerning the reliability or consistency of 2 raters the same subjects, can be examined using a kappa statistic: 1) Calculate the observed percent agreement. (2 pts) round to the hundredth place (0.xx or xx%) Given that rater A classied 23139 patients as high while rater B classied 241'39 as high, etc.. what percent agreement between the two raters would be expected simply by chance? (Hint: consider how expected cell frequencies are calculated for the chi square test by multiplying the marginal) (3 pts) round to the hundredth place (0.xx or xx%) 2) 2 mfor w 3) 2 ptfor details calculating it. 4) The index of reliability called simple kappa is computed as follows for agreement between two raters: (Po- gal/(1 - Pe) where Pa = observed proportion of agreement (i.e.. percent agreement. expressed as a proportion by dividing by 100) and Pa = expected proportion of agreement by chance. Calculate kappa for these data and give the meaning of the result in words. (2 pts) round to the hundredth place