For questions 54-60, refer to the following study and the accompanying SAS output: A study was conducted on 60 patients to examine the analgesic effects of treatments on elderly patients with neuralgia. Two test treatments and a placebo were compared. The response variable is whether the patient reported pain or not. Researchers recorded the following variables: PAIN : patient reported pain (l=yes, 0=no) TX: treatment (24est treatment A, l=test treatment B, Oacebo) AGE: age of the patient when the treatment began (in years) SEX: sex (l=male, 0=fcmale) DURATION: duration of complaint before the treatment began (in months) Testing Global Null Hypothesis: BETA=0 Test ChiSquare DF 3pm Likelihood Ratio 32.7675 5 (.0001 Score 25.6666 5 0.0001 Wald 14.4512 5 0.0130 Type 3 Analysis of Effects Wald Effect DF ChiSquare 3;) gm 9" 2 12.5310 0.0019 age 1 7.2977 0.0069 sex 1 5.2946 0.0214 duration 1 0.0315 0.8591 Analysis of Maximum Likelihood Estimates Standard Wald Parameter DF Estimate Error ChiSquare 35>ng Intercept 1 717.4066 6.6914 6.7669 0.0093 t5, 1 1 3.7085 1.1407 10.5700 0.0011 g, 2 1 3.1817 1.0161 9.8049 0.0017 age 1 0.2621 0.0970 7.2977 0.0069 sex 1 1 1.8322 0.7963 5.2946 0.0214 duration 1 0.00586 0.0330 0.0315 0.8591 Odds Ratio Estimates Point 95% Wald Effect Estimate Confidence Limits 0i, 1 vs 0 0.003 0.229 '90 2 vs 0 0.006 0.304 age 1.075 1.572 sex 1 vs 0 1.312 29.750 duration 0.932 1.061 58. How many dummy variables need to be included in the model for TX? OHMUJ a. b. c. d. 6. Cannot be determined from the given information 59. What is the estimated odds ratio for reporting pain for a 65-year-old compared to a 60-year- old, controlling for all other variables in the model? a. 0.26 b. 1.30 c. 1.69 d. 3.71 e. 7.30 60. Given the estimated odds of reporting pain for a 65-year-old male in treatment group A with a complaint duration of 14 days is 0.165, what is the corresponding risk of reporting pain? a. 0.03 b. 0.14 c. 0.17 d. 1.18 e. 1.80 54. What type of analysis is this? a. ANCOVA b. Linear regression c. Logistic regression d. One-way ANOVA e. Two-way ANOVA 55. What is the value of the test statistic for the omnibus null hypothesis Ho? a. 14.45 25.67 c. 32.77 d. Any of the above e. None of the above 56. Using a 0.05 significance level, what decision and conclusion should you make regarding the omnibus null hypothesis? a. Because p-value