For questions Ail-A4, consider the following situation: An object is initially composed entirely of plutonium atoms, each with 94 protons, 94 electrons, and 1415 neutrons. The plutonium atoms are observed to change into uranium ions, each with 92 protons, 9-1- electrons, and 143 neutrons. The arrangement of the 1valence electrons remained the same throughout the observations. 1. IdentifyT the types ofparticles that are lost by the plutonium atoms as they transform into uranium ions. 2. Which of the following participated in this transformation: the atom's nucleus and f or its electrons? 3. What type of ionizing radiation did the plutonium atoms emit? Explain. 4. From the information given, can you determine if the plutonium atoms are radioactive? Explain your reasoning. For questions Fi-AB, consider the following situation: An object is initially composed entirely of sodium atoms, each with 11 protons, 11 electrons, and 13 neutrons. The sodium atoms are observed to change into magnesium ions, each with 12 protons, 11 electrons, and 12 neutrons. The arrangement of the valence electrons remained the same throughout the observations. 5. Did the number of protons, neutrons, and,f or electrons remain the same during the transformation? If not, did the number increase or decrease? 15. Which of the following participated in this transformation: the atom's nucleus and f or its electrons? 5". How did the net charge of the atoms change during the transformation? 3. What type of ionizing radiation did the sodium emit? Explain. For questions PISll], consider the following situation: An object is initially composed entirely of tin atoms, each with El] protons, 5t] electrons, and 59 neutrons}. The tin atoms are obsenred to undergo a transformation in which ionizing radiation is detected leaving the object. The numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each atom remained the same throughout the transformation. The arrangement of the valence electrons also remained the same throughout the observations. '9. Which of the following participated in this transformation: the atom's nucleus and f or its electrons? It}. What type of ionizing radiation did the tin atoms emit? Explain. The process of exposing an object to ionizing radiation is called irradiation. Although irradiation can cause chemical changes, it does not make an object radioactive. To become radioactive, an object must absorb some radioactive material; this process is called contamination. Imagine that a strawberry is exposed to radiation from a radioactive source, as shown in Case A below. Case B shows the strawberry after the radioactive source has been removed. Case A Case B 1. Which, if any, of the three labeled items (1, 2, and 3) in Case A are radioactive? 2. Is the strawberry in Case B now radioactive? Explain your reasoning. 3. Has the strawberry been irradiated, contaminated, or both? Explain. 4. Two students are discussing their answers to questions Cl-C3.Wendy: The strawberry absorbs the radiation that is emitted by the radioactive source. The radiation trapped inside the strawberry will cause the strawberry to become radioactive. Malcolm: I don't think the radiation is radioactive, only the object that produced the radiation. Some of the radioactive object would have to get onto or inside the strawberry to cause the strawberry to become radioactive. Do you agree or disagree with either or both of the students? Explain your reasoning. 5. Consider the two medical procedures described below: . One treatment used with cancer patients called "radiotherapy" involves directing a strong beam of radiation from a radioactive material at the patient's tumor for several minutes. . One medical test used to identify the flow of blood to the lungs involves injecting a small amount of radioactive material into the patient's bloodstream. A detector is then used to track how much of the injected radioactive material reaches the lungs. Would either (or both) of the procedures described above cause a patient to become radioactive? Explain your reasoning for each procedure