1. For the following examples, identify which studies involved independent samples or two related samples and why
   1. Estimates of weekly t.v. viewing time of third-grade girls compared with those of third grade boys.
   2. Number of cigarettes smoked by participants before and after an anti-smoking workshop.
   3. Problem-solving skills of recognized scientists compared with those of recognized artists who have been matched for IQ.

1. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using a related samples design?

1. An investigator tests the claim that vitamin C alters the severity of common colds. A group of 10 children were asked to estimate, on a 10 point scale, the severity of their colds before and after they consumed 40 mg/day. What should the investigator conclude? (assume a two-tailed test, write out the steps for hypothesis testing)

Child	Before	After
1	3	2
2	4	5
3	9	7
4	3	0
5	5	3
6	7	7
7	6	4
8	8	5
9	2	1
10	5	3