For the following questions I need only accurately solved and solutions!

Suppose a researcher collects x1, . . . , xn i.i.d. measurements of the background radiation in

Boston. Suppose also that these observations follow a Rayleigh distribution with parameter , with pdf given by

f(x) = x e x2

Find the maximum likelihood estimate for .

After a certain enumeration was carried out at a given population, it was recorded that special admissions program operated with a separate committee, a majority of whom were members of minority groups.Id.,at 163. On the 1973 application form, candidates were asked to indicate whether they wished to be considered as "economically and/or educationally disadvantaged" applicants; on the 1974 form the question was whether they wished to be considered as members of a "minority group," which the Medical School apparently viewed as "Blacks," "Chicanos," "Asians," and "American Indians."Id.,at 65-66, 146, 197, 203-205, 216-218. If these questions were answered affirmatively, the application was forwarded to the special admissions committee. No formal definition of "disadvantaged"

275

*275was ever produced,id.,at 163-164, but the chairman of the special committee screened each application to see whether it reflected economic or educational deprivation.^[4]Having passed this initial hurdle, the applications then were rated by the special committee in a fashion similar to that used by the general admissions committee, except that special candidates did not have to meet the 2.5 grade point average cutoff applied to regular applicants. About one-fifth of the total number of special applicants were invited for interviews in 1973 and 1974.^[5]Following each interview, the special committee assigned each special applicant a benchmark score. The special committee then presented its top choices to the general admissions committee. The latter did not rate or compare the special candidates against the general applicants,id.,at 388, but could reject recommended special candidates for failure to meet course requirements or other specific deficiencies.Id.,at 171-172. The special committee continued to recommend special applicants until a number prescribed by faculty vote were admitted. While the overall class size was still 50, the prescribed number was 8; in 1973 and 1974, when the class size had doubled to 100, the prescribed number of special admissions also doubled, to 16.Id.,at 164, 166. Concerning the above scenario answer the following questions.

Question 11

What is the significance of renal disease with respect to anaemia, if any?

Question 12

Can anaemia be a differentiating point between muscle wasting and cachexia owing to another systemic disorder?

Question 13

Anaemia of chronic disease does not respond to iron therapy, but there are trials studying the use of iron and erythropoietin (EPO). Could you

tell me where to find more detailed information about these trials, and whether there have since been any further developments?

Question 14

Is the deoxyuridine test helpful?

Question 15

The Schilling test is very rarely performed. Why is this?

Question 16

There is no extramedullary haematopoiesis in aplastic anaemia, why?

Question 17

Why is the anaemia in aplastic anaemia, macrocytic?

Question 18

Is vitamin B12 absorbed passively from the jejunum?

Question 19

What role does 'R' binder play in the absorption of vitamin B12?

Question 20

In pernicious anaemia, investigation of the serum shows an elevated level of gastrin. Why is it so?