For the following setups, calculate the percent utilization for Host A, for Host B, and overall. Assume that the communication channels are full-duplex at the specified rates.

a) Host A uses a 100 Mbps copper link to send a 150-byte packet directly to Host B 100 m away. Host B then needs 1 msec to process before responding with a 1000 byte message. Assume a velocity factor of 0.72 for copper.

b) Host A sends a 1.5x106 byte message at 54 Mbps from through a network with a 20 msec end-to-end delay to Host B. Then, Host B uses 150 µsec before sending back a 100 byte response at 54 Mbps to Host A.

c) The Voyager 1 probe (Host A) is approximately 21.89·109 km from the earth with a RTT of 40 hours, 33 minutes, and 46 seconds according to NASA at the time this problem is written. Assuming Voyager 1 can still communicate at 115,000 bits per second and has a 64 kiB buffer, the probe sends its entire buffer and awaits a trivially small ACK sent immediately from earth.