For the summative activity in this unit, you need to sample 60 people from a chosen population.

1. Start by outlining the population that you will be able to access (Examples: your school, employees at your work, people at a place that you attend for leisure, etc.) and identify the variables that you want to study, to be asked in a survey. Consider what you are going to ask people so that you can separate the sample into two groups to compare graphs. Note: You will not use scatterplots until next unit.

Be sure to consider ethics and professionalism when choosing variables to study (ie. make sure your variables are appropriate).

Example idea: You are wondering if there may be a relationship between the time someone takes to brush their teeth and whether or not they listen to music while brushing their teeth.

2. Outline how you would sample the population. Consider4 different ways to sample the population. You may combine several sampling techniques. Explain exactly how you would collect each sample. Compare all 4 methods and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each with regard to validity (minimize bias) and efficiency (How long it will take? How hard it will be to carry out the sample?).

3. You are asked to survey 60 people from a chosen sample and ask 2questions. The questions need to be generated so that they minimize measurement bias and record the true beliefs of your sample. Write the two questions using a survey tool like Google Forms orSurveyMonkey.

For the example: You are wondering if there may be a relationship between the time someone takes to brush their teeth and whether or not they listen to music while brushing their teeth. The questions would measure the time it takes someone to brush and whether or not they listen to music while brushing.

1. How long, approximately, do you spend brushing your teeth each time?
   1. Around 15 seconds
   2. Around 30 seconds
   3. Around 60 seconds
   4. Around 1.5 minutes
   5. Around 2 minutes
   6. More than 2 minutes
2. You listen to music when brushing your teeth
   1. Never
   2. Rarely
   3. Sometimes
   4. Usually
   5. All the time

Notice, for the first question, we expect students to not know exactly, and are asking for a roughestimate. This will give us the data we need to compare groups.

For the second question, a rating scale similar to a Likert scale is used. When analyzing the data, this allows us to look at students in different groups. For example: For those saying 1 or 2, what did they respond for time brushing? For those saying 4 or 5, what did they respond for time brushing?

4. Survey the sample of the population (collect primary data) using the online survey you created and the best sampling technique you outlined.

You will divide your survey results using the responses to the one question. You will then create the graphs of the data of the two groups and discuss your conclusions from the graphs. For example, whether or not people listen to music while brushing their teeth will create two groups, so you can analyze the difference in time spent brushing.

5. State the conclusions from the graphs and justify how you arrived at your conclusions by referring to the graphs.

Reflect on the bias that was present in your study based on what you have learned in this unitand the impact the bias may have had on your conclusions.

Reflect on the validity and reliability of your study by referring to the definitions learned in this unit.

6. In Activity 1, you were asked to find an article that states findings in a study. You were also asked what questions need to be asked to determine if the findings are reliable and valid. In Activity 3, you were asked to reflect on the misuses of data and give examples of how biased samples and surveys affect conclusions and how people can manipulate the display of data to change conclusions.

• Using what you have learned in this unit, what needs to be asked to know if a study is both valid and reliable? Use specific examples to justify why it is important to ask those questions

7. Compile the work you have done on your study into a report using word processing or spreadsheet software. Include all parts from this activity. Be sure to self-assess your report before submitting.

Here are some report templates that you can use to get started. Take some time to improve the presentation of the report before submitting.

Spreadsheet Template

Word/Docs Template