For the time period from May 1, 2017 to April 28, 2022 inclusive, collect daily Adjusted Close prices from the Yahoo! Finance website http://finance.yahoo.com/., associated with the following three securities (ticker symbols in brackets), that are currently traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX). i. Royal Bank of Canada (RY.TO) ii. Shopify Inc. (SHOP.TO) iii. Vanguard FTSE Canada All Cap Index ETF (VCN.TO) The extension .TO indicates that each security is traded on the TSX. Adjusted close prices reflect any splits and dividend and/or capital gain distributions for the securities over time. For each security, follow Yahoo! Finance's link to Historical Prices and download the data into Excel files. For each security, there are seven columns of data, labeled as Date, Open, High, Low, Close, Adj Close, and Volume. Keep the Adj Close and Date columns and delete the rest.

Q1. Estimate the correlations and co-variances of each pair of securities.