For this assignment, read the description of research on a psychological topic (called "Fear Improves Learning" below) and answer the following question

(1) analyze the claims being made according totwoof the six principles of scientific thinking in psychology that are the most relevant principles but that the research description fails to follow. first define the general principles, then provide a detailed response showing how the research description specifically fails to follow the principles. Finally, say what would need to be done to make sure the research description follows the principles. (chose 2 from below that are not used in the reading and give an explanation as to how & why)

Principle 1:Ruling out alternative explanations

Principle 2:Correlation vs. causation

Principle 3:Falsifiability

Principle 4:Replicability

Principle 5:Extraordinary claims -

Principle 6:Parsimony (a.k.a. Occam's razor)

Fear Improves Learning

Professor Light is interested in investigating the effect of fear on learning efficiency. To investigate this research question, he decided to conduct an experimental study. He gathered a sample of 10 Caucasian boys from 14 to 16 years of age who could not speak or understand Spanish. He invited participants into his laboratory to participate in this study. He divided the participants into 2 groups: thefearcondition and therelaxcondition.

Participants in the fear condition were asked to sit on a couch in front of a Television and watch a 30-minute scary video clip. Once the video clip ended, Professor Light walked into the room and presented a few words in Spanish (along with their English meanings) to participants, then asked participants to socialize with one another and have snacks, as he left the room. After 1 hour of socialization, Professor Light walked into the room again and asked participants to write down as many of the Spanish words and their meanings that they remembered.

Participants in the relax condition were asked to sit on a couch in front of a Television and watch a 30-minute funny video clip. Once the video clip ended, another video started which presented a few words in Spanish (along with their English meanings) to participants. When this video clip ended, a voice played in the room instructing participants to remain quiet and play Tetris on the iPads provided for them in the room. After 1 hour of playing Tetris independently, a research assistant walked into the room and asked participants to write down as many of the Spanish words and their meanings that they remembered. The Spanish words presented to both groups were identical.

The results of this study showed that the participants in the fear condition remembered more Spanish words compared to the group of participants in the relax condition. From these results, Professor Light concluded that fear improves learning and included the following in his article: "this study provides evidence for the positive impact of fear on learning. To help students learn better in school and to help adults learn better in their careers, we must create environments for them (in the classroom and the workplace) that include fear. This will improve their learning and guarantee their success!"

Upon wanting to publish his study in a peer-reviewed journal, a reviewer from the journal asked Professor Light to also present his sample's demographic data. Professor Light realized that the average GPA of the group of participants in the fear condition was A+, while the average GPA of participants in the relax condition was C+.

Nine years has passed since the publication of Professor Light's article and still no single study has yet replicated his findings. However, despite this Professor Light continues to proudly present his findings and conclusion in conferences and TV interviews.