For time series analysis, if the variable y is observed to be y, = 1, y, = 1.8, y, = -2.1 and y, = 1.1,
For time series analysis, if the variable y is observed to be y, = 1, y, = 1.8, y, = -2.1 and y, = 1.1, then Ay, is calculated as: O a. 0.8 Ob. -1 O c. -3.2 O d. 0.3 O e. 3.2
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