For work sampling purpose (a measure of time utilization of construction labour impacting project productivity) associated with construction work practices on a construction site, typical studies have indicated that a construction tradesman's working day breaks down can be divided into a series of separate activities including Direct Work, Late Start/Early Quits, Personal Breaks, Waiting, Travelling, Instructions, Tools & Material Transportation. In terms of the breakdown of construction labour dollar, the approximate percentage of "Direct Work" defined as activities which directly move the project toward completion, e.g., direct installation such as placing and removing formwork, placing bricks, installing insulation, etc.), based on results from actual studies on major projects is: a. 48% b. 32% c. None of the above. d. 68%