Free Cash Flow

The focus on traditional financial statements is -Select-marketaccountingreplacementItem 1 data rather than cash flow. However, cash flow is important to investors, managers, and stock analysts. Therefore, decision makers and security analysts need to modify financial statement data provided to them. An important modification is the concept of free cash flow (FCF). Many analysts regard FCF as being the single and most important number that can be developed from the income statements, even more important than net income. The equation for free cash flow is:

FCF = [EBIT(1 - T) + Depreciation and amortization] - [Capital expenditures + ?Net operating working capital]

-Select-NetFreeOperatingItem 2 cash flow is the cash flow actually available for payments to all investors (stockholders and debtholders) after the company has made investments in fixed assets, new products, and -Select-operating working capitalnet working capitallong-term debtItem 3 . A negative FCF means that the company does not have sufficient -Select-externalinternalItem 4 funds to finance its investments in fixed assets and working capital, and that it will have to raise new money in the -Select-spotcapitalexchangeItem 5 markets to pay for these investments. Negative FCF is not always bad. If FCF is negative because after-tax operating income is negative this is bad, because the company is probably experiencing operating problems. Exceptions to this might be startup companies, companies incurring significant expenses to launch a new product line, and high-growth companieswith large capital investments.

Quantitative Problem: Rosnan Industries' 2013 and 2012 balance sheets and income statements are shown below.

Balance Sheets:
	2013	2012
Cash and equivalents	$100	$85
Accounts receivable	275	300
Inventories	375	250
Total current assets	$750	$635
Net plant and equipment	2,300	1,490
Total assets	$3,050	$2,125
Accounts payable	$150	$85
Accruals	75	50
Notes payable	150	75
Total current liabilities	$375	$210
Long-term debt	450	290
Common stock	1,225	1,225
Retained earnings	1,000	400
Total liabilities and equity	$3,050	$2,125

Income Statements:
	2013	2012
Sales	$2,200	$1,200
Operating costs excluding depreciation	1,250	1,000
EBITDA	$950	$200
Depreciation and amortization	100	75
EBIT	$850	$125
Interest	62	45
EBT	$788	$80
Taxes (40%)	315	32
Net income	$473	$48
Dividends paid	$53	$48
Addition to retained earnings	$600	$0
Shares outstanding	100	100
Price	$25.00	$22.50
WACC	10.00%

The balance in the firm's cash and equivalents account is needed for operations and is not considered "excess" cash.

Using the financial statements given above, what is Rosnan's 2013 free cash flow (FCF)? Use a minus sign to indicate a negative FCF. $