Fresh & Fruity Foods, Inc.

Fresh & Fruity Foods is a mail-order company operating out of a winery near Santa Rosa, California. The company specializes in sending California specialties to catalog customers nationwide. Sales are seasonal, with most occurring in November and Decemberwhen people select Fresh &Fruity's Famous Fruit Fantasy boxes as Christmas gifts. Although seasonal, the company's sales are fairly predictable, because the bulk of Fresh & Fruity customers are regulars who come back year after year. The company has also managed to smooth out its sales somewhat by offering incentives, such as the Fruit of the Month club, that encourage customers to buy throughout the year.

The nature of the mail-order business is such that most of Fresh &Fruity's sales are on credit; therefore, the company has historically had a high accounts receivable balance relative to sales. It has also historically been short of cash, forcing it to delay payments to suppliers as long as possible (its average time to pay accounts in 2010, was 67 days).

In January 2011, Tom Appleby and Alice Plummer, the president and treasurer of Fresh & Fruity, respectively, were discussing the cash flow problem over lunch.

"You know, Tom," Alice said as she sliced a piece of avocado, "I was reading the other day about a company called Kringle's Candles & Ornaments, and it occurred to me that we're a lot like them. Most of our assets are current ones like their accounts receivable and inventory; and over half of ours are financed just like theirs, by current liabilitiesthat is, accounts payable." She paused for a sip of chardonnay, and continued, "They got around their cash flow problems by issuing long-term debt, which took the pressure off their current obligations. I've been looking at that for our company, too; but then I got to thinking, there's another way that's a good deal easier and would produce results just as quickly."

"Oh? What's that?" Tom replied, his interest captured.

"All we have to do," she said, "is to reduce our accounts receivable balance.That will help reduce our accounts payable balancesince, as our customersbegin paying us earlier, we can pay our suppliers earlier in turn.

If we could getenough customers to pay us right away, we could even pay some of the suppliers

in time to take advantage of the 2 percent discount they offer for payments within 10 days." (Fresh &Fruity's suppliers operated on a 2/10, net 60 basis.) "That would increase our net income andfree up even more cash to take advantage of even more discounts!" She looked excited at the prospect.

"Sounds great, but how do we get people to pay us earlier?" Tom inquired, doubtfully.

"Easy,"Alice continued. "Up to now we've been giving them incentives to pay later. Remember our 'Buy Now, No Payments for Two Months' program? Well, a lot of our customers use it, and it's caused our accounts receivable balance to run way up. So what we have to do now is give them incentives to pay earlier. What I propose is to cancel the buy now/pay later plan and offer a 10 percent discount to everyone who pays with their order, instead."

"But won't that cause our revenues to drop?" Tom asked, again still doubtful.

"Yes, but the drop will be offset by even more new customers who will come in to take advantage of the discount. I figure the net effect on sales will be just about zero, but our accounts receivable balance could be cut in half! Now here's a kicker that I just thought of: After we've reduced our accounts receivable balance as far as practical, I'd like to look into the possibility of reducing our accounts payable still further by replacing them with a bank loan. The effective rate of interest that we pay by not taking our suppliers' discounts is, after all, pretty high. So what I'd like to do is take out a loan once a year of a sufficient size that would enable us to take all the discounts our suppliers offer. The interest that we'll pay on the loan is bound to be less than what we pay in discounts lostso we'll see another gain in earnings on our income statement. In fact, these two initiatives together might have a really significant impact!"

"You've convinced me," Tom said, "Let's go back to the office and run some figures to see what happens!"

Financial statements for Fresh & Fruity Foods, Inc., are presented in Figure 1 (income statement) and Figure 2 (balance sheet).

Required

1.Using the data in Figures 1 and 2, compute the company's average collection period (ACP) in days. Use a 360-day year when calculating sales per day. Please check case statement file for financial statements.

2.Compute the cost, as a percent, that the company is paying for not taking the supplier's discounts. (The supplier's terms are 2/10, net 60; but note from the bottom of Figure 2 that Fresh & Fruity has been taking 67 days to pay its suppliers, making that the effective final due date for accounts payable.)

3.Assume that Alice Plummer's first initiative to offer a 10 percent discount was implemented, and the company's average collection period dropped to 32 days. Ifnetsales per day remained the same, as Alice expects, what would be the new accounts receivable balance? How much cash was freed up by the reduction in accounts receivable? What is the new accounts payable balance if the money is used to pay off suppliers?

Question No 2

A brilliant young scientist is killed in a plane crash. It is anticipated that he could have earned $430,000 a year for the next 50 years. The attorney for the plaintiff's estate argues that the lost income should be discounted back to the present at 4 percent. The lawyer for the defendant's insurance company argues for a discount rate of 9 percent.

What is the difference between the present value of the settlement at 4 percent and 9 percent? Compute each one separately.

( Please show proper calculation using time line. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)

FRESH & FRUITY FOODS, INC

Income Statement, 2013

Revenue from sales

Gross sales (credit)............................................................................................

$1,179,000

Cost of goods sold:

Beginning inventory...........................................................................................

$141,000

Purchases...............................................................................

$969,000

Less: Cash discounts.............................................................

0

Net purchases.................................................................................................

969,000

Goods available for sale.....................................................................................

1,110,000

Less: Ending inventory......................................................................................

79,557

Cost of goods sold.............................................................................................

1,030,443

Gross profit............................................................................................................

148,557

Selling and administrative expenses.......................................................................

73,000

Earnings before interest and tax.............................................................................

75,557

Interest expense......................................................................................................

0

Earnings before tax................................................................................................

75,557

Income taxes @ 33%.............................................................................................

24,934

Net income.............................................................................................................

$ 50,623

Figure 2

Current Situation

FRESH & FRUITY FOODS, INC

Balance Sheet

As of December 31, 2013

Assets:

Cash.......................................................................................................

$ 3,560

Accounts receivable...............................................................................

209,686

Inventory...............................................................................................

79,557

Total current assets............................................................................

$292,803

Property, plant and equipment, net.........................................................

11,430

Total assets

$304,233

Liabilities and equity:

Accounts payable...................................................................................

$180,633

Notes payable (bank loans)....................................................................

0

Total current liabilities........................................................................

$180,633

Long-term debt......................................................................................

0

Total liabilities....................................................................................

180,633

Common stock.......................................................................................

13,600

Additional paid-in capital.......................................................................

83,000

Retained earnings...................................................................................

27,000

Total equity........................................................................................

123,600

Total liabilities and equity..........................................................................

$304,233

Selected ratios

Profit Margin......................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................

4.29%

Return on equity....................................................................................

40.96%

Inventory turnover.................................................................................

14.82

Receivables turnover..............................................................................

5.62

Average payment period........................................................................

67