From a gut check perspective, can it possibly have been judicious to intentionally deceive the regulators? Whose rights and duties were violated? Does the driving public have a right to a full and truthful disclosure about all comprehensible aspects of the diesel VWs$?$ Were one in every two auto customers in Europe also intentionally deceived based on the California more stringent certification standards? What was accomplished by the deception? Until this #$1$ status, executives at VW had long labored beside GM and Ford as destroyers of stockholder value with ROI below their cost of capital $($see adjacent Goldman Sachs figure$).$ Who suffered foreseeable losses? Stockholders $(30$ percent shareholder value in the first week after the scandal broke$)?$ Workers