From the time Apple launched iTunes in mid-2003 through early 2009, it charged $0.99 for each song on its U.S. site. Despite having sold over nine billion songs by early 2009, Apple was under pressure from many sides to change the price. Music producers wanted Apple to charge more. Should iTunes raise or lower its price? We know that in 2009, Apple changed to a new U.S. pricing scheme: $0.69 for a song from the older catalog, $0.99 for most new songs, and $1.29 for the most popular tracks.

• Categories of Song: How did managers likely determine which categories of songs should have lower or higher prices?
• Production Costs: Does Apple's marginal cost of production change when they sell more songs?
• Predicted Revenue and Profit: How could managers have predicted if the price changes would raise revenueand profit? Discuss both revenue and profit - they are not equivalent concepts.