Functional$-$area strategies

specify how to build and strengthen the skills, expertise, and competencies needed to execute operating$-$level strategies successfully.

support and add power to the corporate$-$level strategy.

are normally crafted by operating$-$level managers.

concern the actions, approaches, and practices to be employed in managing particular functions within a business.

are concerned with how to unify the firm's several different operating strategies into a cohesive whole.