GAP Ratio: a. is equal to the volume of rate-sensitive liabilities divided by the volume of rate-sensitive assets. b. it is always greater than one for banks with a negative periodic GAP. c. is equal to the volume of rate-sensitive liabilities multiplied by the volume of rate-sensitive assets. d. is equal to the volume of rate-sensitive assets divided by the volume of rate-sensitive liabilities. e. it is always less than one for banks with a positive cumulative GAP.