Gavin Goldenarm has been playing baseball since he was five years old and has always dreamed of playing in the big leagues. Last season, he was a starting pitcher for a double-A (AA)-level baseball team, the Ketchum Baldies; last year, he was the first runner-up for the Minor League Player of the Year award. Using his 97 mph fastball, an impeccable curve ball and slider, and a reliable changeup pitch, he achieved a 17-3 win-loss record, an earned run average (ERA) of 2.84, and 108 strikeouts in 123.1 innings pitched. He is also your best friend. Two weeks ago, on his three-year anniversary with the team, Gavin received the following email from his agent, Noah Never-Enough, indicating that he is being called up to the Boston Back Bay Boys, the Baldies's corresponding Major League Baseball (MLB) team. Moreover, Gavin's contract is being revised to reflect his new status. The email describes the general terms and conditions of Gavin's revised contract. From: Noah Never Enough To: Gavin Goldenarm Subject: New Team, New Contract Proposal Gavin, Congratulations! You've been called up to the Boston Back Bay Boys. Below are the offered terms and conditions of your new contract. After you review them and think about the offer, call me and we'll discuss your options. Congrats again! Salary and Incentives: Gavin Goldenarm hereafter referred to as the "Player," is offered a four-year contract with an annual salary of $444,000 per year, to be paid at the end of each month in the contract term. Under the league's collective bargaining agreement, the Player will receive a 4% cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) to his annual salary at the beginning of every other year. This means that the Player's annual salary will increase at the beginning of year 2 and year 4, as applicable. In addition, the Player will receive a one-time $10,000 time-in-league bonus after six months of participation with an MLB team. This bonus will be paid immediately on completion of the six-month period. The Player is offered a performance-based bonus, as well as a milestone bonus. Both are intended to encourage outstanding performance. The Player is offered the following award-based performance incentive: a 15% bonus if he is designated as the Most Valuable Player (MVP) in the league. The Player is also offered the following milestone bonus: a $125,000 bonus if he ties Nolan Ryan's 1973 single-season strikeout record (383 strikeouts). The Player is eligible for each potential bonus each year that the contract is in effect and, if expressed as a percentage, will be based on the value of the Player's base annual salary for the corresponding year. If earned, the performance and milestone bonuses will be distributed in a single payment at the beginning of the next contract year. Although this proposal describes only one milestone, the actual contract contains several progressive milestones. Exceeding one milestone creates the opportunity to exceed another. In addition to the proposal offered by the Back Bay Boys, I've also been able to secure the following endorsement opportunity: A local car dealer has offered you a contract that will pay $800 per month for two years. This contract is contingent on your accepting the contract with the Back Bay Boys and will take effect immediately upon signing your MLB contract. In return for these payments, you will participate in the dealer's promotional events, such as signing autographs and allowing photographs as requested. I've also attached a worksheet that you can use to analyze the deal. I'm in negotiations for the rest of the day, so let's discuss your thoughts on the contract proposal tomorrow. I'm proud of you! Take care, Noah Noah Never-Enough Sports Agent, R&R Talent Management Inc. | Boston A B C D E F 1 Assumptions and Calculated Values 2 Bank Rate Information: 3 Gavin's Bank Account Rate 15.00 % (compounded monthly) Monthly Bank Rate 4 464.0000 % 5 Effective Annual Interest 24.0000 % Rate 6 7 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Total value Salary and Bonus Information: 8 Annual Salary (4% COLA) $ $ S 9 $ $ $ 10 Monthly Salary Discount factor (based on Cell B4 above) 11.4958 10.6148 9.8013 9.0501 11 Discounted Annual Salary 12 13 Time-in-League Bonus $ 14 0.9609 Discount factor (based on Cell B4 above) 15 Discounted Time-in-League Bonus 16 Milestone Bonus 16 17 Milestone Bonus $ $ 18 Discount factor (based on 0.9234 0.8526 0.7873 0.7269 Cell B5 above) 19 Discounted Milestone Bonus $ $ 20 21 Performance Bonus $ 22 0.9234 0.8526 0.7873 0.7269 Discount factor (based on Cell B5 above) 23 Discounted Performance Bonus 24 25 Monthly Endorsement Contract Payment 26 11.4958 10.6148 Disco fac (based on Cell B4 above) Discounted Monthly Endorsement Payment 27 $ 28 29 Contract's Total Nominal $ Value 30 Contract's Total Discounted Value 1. Given your worksheet calculations, which of the following statements is accurate? Is Noah's estimate of the value of Gavin's contract accurate on either a nominal or discounted basis? Check all that apply. It is appropriate and necessary to discount the performance bonus using the bank account's effective annual interest rate because of differences in the timing of the compounding of the bank account and that of the payments for the performance bonus. It is appropriate and necessary to discount the endorsement contract using the bank account's effective annual interest rate because of differences in the timing of the compounding of the bank account and that of the payments on the endorsement contract. Noah's estimate of the value of Gavin's contract is incorrect on a nominal basis, and the error is $52,513. Related Question: The local car dealer creating Gavin's endorsement opportunity can earn 6% (compounded quarterly) on his deposited funds. She would have to deposit each quarter, starting exactly two years before the day Gavin signs his contract, to fund her endorsement contract. (Note: The future value interest factor of 6% compounded quarterly for eight quarterly periods is 8.4328.] Gavin Goldenarm has been playing baseball since he was five years old and has always dreamed of playing in the big leagues. Last season, he was a starting pitcher for a double-A (AA)-level baseball team, the Ketchum Baldies; last year, he was the first runner-up for the Minor League Player of the Year award. Using his 97 mph fastball, an impeccable curve ball and slider, and a reliable changeup pitch, he achieved a 17-3 win-loss record, an earned run average (ERA) of 2.84, and 108 strikeouts in 123.1 innings pitched. He is also your best friend. Two weeks ago, on his three-year anniversary with the team, Gavin received the following email from his agent, Noah Never-Enough, indicating that he is being called up to the Boston Back Bay Boys, the Baldies's corresponding Major League Baseball (MLB) team. Moreover, Gavin's contract is being revised to reflect his new status. The email describes the general terms and conditions of Gavin's revised contract. From: Noah Never Enough To: Gavin Goldenarm Subject: New Team, New Contract Proposal Gavin, Congratulations! You've been called up to the Boston Back Bay Boys. Below are the offered terms and conditions of your new contract. After you review them and think about the offer, call me and we'll discuss your options. Congrats again! Salary and Incentives: Gavin Goldenarm hereafter referred to as the "Player," is offered a four-year contract with an annual salary of $444,000 per year, to be paid at the end of each month in the contract term. Under the league's collective bargaining agreement, the Player will receive a 4% cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) to his annual salary at the beginning of every other year. This means that the Player's annual salary will increase at the beginning of year 2 and year 4, as applicable. In addition, the Player will receive a one-time $10,000 time-in-league bonus after six months of participation with an MLB team. This bonus will be paid immediately on completion of the six-month period. The Player is offered a performance-based bonus, as well as a milestone bonus. Both are intended to encourage outstanding performance. The Player is offered the following award-based performance incentive: a 15% bonus if he is designated as the Most Valuable Player (MVP) in the league. The Player is also offered the following milestone bonus: a $125,000 bonus if he ties Nolan Ryan's 1973 single-season strikeout record (383 strikeouts). The Player is eligible for each potential bonus each year that the contract is in effect and, if expressed as a percentage, will be based on the value of the Player's base annual salary for the corresponding year. If earned, the performance and milestone bonuses will be distributed in a single payment at the beginning of the next contract year. Although this proposal describes only one milestone, the actual contract contains several progressive milestones. Exceeding one milestone creates the opportunity to exceed another. In addition to the proposal offered by the Back Bay Boys, I've also been able to secure the following endorsement opportunity: A local car dealer has offered you a contract that will pay $800 per month for two years. This contract is contingent on your accepting the contract with the Back Bay Boys and will take effect immediately upon signing your MLB contract. In return for these payments, you will participate in the dealer's promotional events, such as signing autographs and allowing photographs as requested. I've also attached a worksheet that you can use to analyze the deal. I'm in negotiations for the rest of the day, so let's discuss your thoughts on the contract proposal tomorrow. I'm proud of you! Take care, Noah Noah Never-Enough Sports Agent, R&R Talent Management Inc. | Boston A B C D E F 1 Assumptions and Calculated Values 2 Bank Rate Information: 3 Gavin's Bank Account Rate 15.00 % (compounded monthly) Monthly Bank Rate 4 464.0000 % 5 Effective Annual Interest 24.0000 % Rate 6 7 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Total value Salary and Bonus Information: 8 Annual Salary (4% COLA) $ $ S 9 $ $ $ 10 Monthly Salary Discount factor (based on Cell B4 above) 11.4958 10.6148 9.8013 9.0501 11 Discounted Annual Salary 12 13 Time-in-League Bonus $ 14 0.9609 Discount factor (based on Cell B4 above) 15 Discounted Time-in-League Bonus 16 Milestone Bonus 16 17 Milestone Bonus $ $ 18 Discount factor (based on 0.9234 0.8526 0.7873 0.7269 Cell B5 above) 19 Discounted Milestone Bonus $ $ 20 21 Performance Bonus $ 22 0.9234 0.8526 0.7873 0.7269 Discount factor (based on Cell B5 above) 23 Discounted Performance Bonus 24 25 Monthly Endorsement Contract Payment 26 11.4958 10.6148 Disco fac (based on Cell B4 above) Discounted Monthly Endorsement Payment 27 $ 28 29 Contract's Total Nominal $ Value 30 Contract's Total Discounted Value 1. Given your worksheet calculations, which of the following statements is accurate? Is Noah's estimate of the value of Gavin's contract accurate on either a nominal or discounted basis? Check all that apply. It is appropriate and necessary to discount the performance bonus using the bank account's effective annual interest rate because of differences in the timing of the compounding of the bank account and that of the payments for the performance bonus. It is appropriate and necessary to discount the endorsement contract using the bank account's effective annual interest rate because of differences in the timing of the compounding of the bank account and that of the payments on the endorsement contract. Noah's estimate of the value of Gavin's contract is incorrect on a nominal basis, and the error is $52,513. Related Question: The local car dealer creating Gavin's endorsement opportunity can earn 6% (compounded quarterly) on his deposited funds. She would have to deposit each quarter, starting exactly two years before the day Gavin signs his contract, to fund her endorsement contract. (Note: The future value interest factor of 6% compounded quarterly for eight quarterly periods is 8.4328.]