GDP data

Per Capita GDP
million of chained US dollars (2012)
abbr	state	2008	2009	2010	2011
AL	ALABAMA	186946.7	180707.2	184702.4	187605.8
AK	ALASKA	51252.1	56215.1	54601.5	55280.3
AZ	ARIZONA	280810.1	257498.5	260307.1	266101.5

CO2 data

per capital CO2 emissions
metric tons of energy-related carbon dioxide per person	2008	2009	2010	2011
State	29.8	25.4	27.8	27.2
Alabama	57.7	54.4	53.1	52.3
Alaska	16.3	14.8	15.4	15.0
Arizona	22.4	21.3	22.6	23.0

fossil fuels Consumption (NREC)

abbr	2008	2009	2010	2011
US	83051474	77889653	80722611	79267193
AL	1823410	1614783	1781547	1778335
AK	637369	623641	623438	624024
AZ	1410859	1289225	1338359	1301178

Trade openness(TO)

State	2008	2009	2010	2011
All States	0.22	0.17	0.20	0.23
Alabama	0.17	0.14	0.16	0.19
Alaska	0.10	0.08	0.10	0.13
Arizona	0.12	0.10	0.12	0.13

urbanization (UR)

state	2008	2009	2010	2011
AL	0.582863969	0.586436522	0.59	0.593554054
AK	0.659201801	0.659601014	0.66	0.660398759
AZ	0.894962021	0.896490869	0.898	0.899489596

Renewables Consumption

abbr	2008	2009	2010	2011
US	7174689	7608304	8266858	9203643
AL	237856	274392	266140	279972
AK	13126	15912	17148	16702
AZ	111992	96274	100892	129322

Use R to built this model

linear regression model LnCO2 i,t ao + Q1iLnGDP,t + Q2iLnURi,t + az;LnNREC, +241LnTO,t + Q5;LnREC,t + Ei,t Eq. (6) investigates the impacts of growth, renewable and non-renewable energy, trade openness (TO), and urbanization (UR) on carbon emissions