Gender	Alcohol	Exercise	SQI	GPA
Male	Yes	9	15.5	3.85
Male	Yes	11	11.0	5.46
Female	No	5	11.1	3.28
Female	No	6	13.9	2.37
Female	Yes	8	9.9	4.63
Male	Yes	11	14.5	4.58
Male	Yes	9	10.6	4.96
Male	Yes	11	15.1	1.02
Female	No	8	12.4	4.33
Female	Yes	10	11.5	3.96
Male	No	8	10.6	5.83
Male	Yes	7	11.5	6.12
Male	Yes	10	10.8	2.20
Male	Yes	11	12.5	2.93
Male	Yes	9	16.4	4.52
Female	Yes	2	14.1	4.50
Male	Yes	8	15.3	1.63
Female	No	6	18.0	3.09
Female	No	5	9.7	3.92
Male	Yes	11	10.5	3.10
Female	No	8	13.7	5.42
Male	Yes	8	14.9	2.03
Female	No	7	10.9	5.90
Male	No	10	14.5	3.25
Male	Yes	7	11.5	5.21
Female	No	9	11.3	3.31
Male	Yes	9	11.6	2.51
Male	No	10	15.6	3.88
Male	Yes	10	12.3	4.33
Male	Yes	11	12.2	4.49
Female	No	6	15.6	4.16
Male	Yes	11	11.0	4.99
Male	Yes	11	13.5	5.76
Female	No	7	11.0	3.54
Female	Yes	6	8.1	4.23
Male	Yes	8	17.6	3.66
Male	Yes	9	9.1	6.02
Male	Yes	12	13.5	3.56
Male	Yes	10	18.8	3.79
Female	No	8	12.8	4.59
Male	Yes	8	15.4	3.20
Male	Yes	9	12.6	0.98
Male	Yes	8	15.8	3.43
Male	Yes	8	14.2	5.68
Female	No	9	14.1	4.55
Female	No	6	14.7	3.16
Female	No	7	14.6	5.41
Female	No	4	10.1	4.31
Female	Yes	12	10.4	1.85
Female	No	7	11.2	3.87
Male	Yes	10	11.9	2.75
Male	Yes	10	8.2	6.77
Male	Yes	12	17.5	5.68
Male	Yes	11	8.4	5.26
Female	No	10	16.1	3.85
Male	No	7	13.4	6.07
Male	Yes	10	11.2	6.15
Male	Yes	10	17.5	4.75

A study investigated the impact of sleep deprivation on academic performance in university medical students. An individual's sleep habit was measured using a sleep quality index. A higher index number indicates poorer sleep quality. Academic performance was measured by the student's cumulative grade point average. In addition, the student's physical activity, as measured by the average time for exercise per week, and their behavioural risk factors such as alcohol use, smoking habit and coffee use were recoded.

The data contains the following variables:

GenderGender of the student (Male/Female)

Alcohol Whether the student drinks alcoholic beverages (Yes/No)

ExerciseAverage hours of exercise per week

SQISleep Quality Index (a higher index number indicates poorer sleep quality)

GPACumulative Grade Point Average

Question 1

The researchers claim that female students have better sleep quality than male students. The appropriate statistical test for their claim is a

Two-sample t-test

Chi-square test

Correlation test

Two-way ANOVA test

Question 2

Suppose F and M define the population mean sleep quality indices for females and males, respectively. The appropriate null and alternative hypotheses to test the claim in Question 1 are

H0:F>MvsH1:FM

H0:F=MvsH1:FM

H0:F=MvsH1:F>M

H0:F=MvsH1:F

Question 3

The test of the hypotheses in Question 2 indicates that there is

moderate evidence to suggest that female students have better sleep quality than male students (p = 0.024)

weak evidence to suggest that female students have better sleep quality than male students (p = 0.077)

no evidence to suggest that female students have better sleep quality than male students (p = 0.148)

no evidence to suggest that female students have better sleep quality than male students (p = 0.296)

Question 4

In general, if the study uses a smaller sample size, the probability of a Type II error will

decrease

stay the same

either increase or decrease

increase

Question 5

The association between academic performance and sleep quality is modelled using a simple linear regression. The appropriate population regression equation is

GPA=0+1SQI2+U

SQI=0+1GPA2+U

SQI=0+1GPA+U

GPA=0+1SQI+U

Question 6

The slope coefficient of the estimated linear regression equation in Question 5 is

-0.115

-0.084

-0.071

5.610

Question 7

The lower bound of a 95% confidence interval for the slope coefficient in Question 5 is

-11.353

-0.294

-0.250

-0.228

Question 8

Using the model in Question 5, the researcher examines whether there is a statistically significant negative linear relationship between academic performance and sleep quality. The researcher tests

H0:0=0vsH1:0>0

H0:1=0vsH1:10

H0:1=0vsH1:1<0

H0:1=0vsH1:1>0

Question 9

Using the model in Question 5, the p-value for the hypothesis test in Question 8 is

0.046

0.174

0.276

0.303