GENERAL PHYSICS 2

Please answer Activities 1-3 given after the references provided below. Please provide the best and original answers with effective solutions. Some answers are provided in some activities but it requires the right solutions.

Please read the provided references to be able to answer the activities and read the instructions and questions in every activity.

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REFERENCES

Learning Competencies: " Relate properties of mirrors and lenses (radii of curvature, focal length, index of refraction [for lenses]) to image and object distance and sizes STEM_GP12OPT-IVd-23 Determine graphically and mathematically the type (virtual/real), magnification, location, and orientation of image of a point and extended object produced by a plane or spherical mirror STEM_GP12OPT-IVd-24 Apply the principles of geometric optics to discuss image formation by the eye, and correction of common vision defects STEM_GP12OPT-IVd-28 Subject Matter: Mirrors and Lenses Human Eye POINTS TO REMEMBER Mirror . It is any smooth reflecting surface which is capable of producing image by specular reflection of light. Mirrors may be plane or spherical. Plane mirror Images . The image of an object formed Image Formation by Plane Mirror by a plane mirror can be constructed as shown in the figure. Any light ray incident or a plane mirror will be reflected Incident may Reflected tay in accordance with the laws of Incident ray refection. The intersection of any two reflected rays coming Object Image Reflected ray from a given point on an object is sufficient to locate the image of that point. The reflected rays may be extended behind the Plane Mirror mirror until they intersect. Such an image is classified as virtual. The image formed by a plane mirror is always virtual and upright relative to the object.Figure shows the following characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror: a. Virtual and upright relative to the object b. Same size as the object: that is, the height of the object ho is equal to the height of the image hi c. Same distance as the object from the mirror but behind it; that is, the distance of the object do from the mirror is equal to the distance of the image di from the mirror. cl. Laterally reversed, meaning, the right becomes the left and the left becomes the right. Example: A boy is standing 1.2 m in front of a plane mirror. His dog is 0.5 m directly in front of him. a. How far is the boy from his image? b. How far is the image of the dog from the boy? 1.2m 1.2mO.5m=0.7m Given: distance of the boy from the mirror Distance of the dog from the mirror Solution: a. The boy is 2.4 rn from his image. (1.2m + 1.2m) b. The image if the dog is 0.7 m behind the mirror. Thus, its distance from the boy is 0.7m + 1.2 m = 1.9 m. Spherical mirror Terminaiagfes 1. 2. 3. The center of curvature C is "Wm\" \"We" the center of the sphere. light-ray The vertex l/is the center of the mirror The radius of curvature R is the radius of the sphere. It is the distance between C and V principal axis 0 . The pummel axis or optical 4!- axis is a straight line joining C and M R . The aperture AB refers to the width of the mirror. 6. Spherical mirrors may be concave or convex. Concave mirror are converging mirrors. Convex mirrors are diverging mirrors. A mirror is converging if the reflected rays meet at a point. A diverging mirror spreads out light rays after reflection. However, these rays seem to come rays meet (for converging mirrors). Or where they seem to come from (for diverging mirrors) is called the principal focus or focal point F. The principal focus for a converging mirror is real. For a diverging mirror, the principal focus is virtual. 7. The focal length fis the distance from V to F. Since F is halfway between C and V, f = Convex Mirror Images The graphical technique for locating the image of a convex mirror is shown in the Figure. For convex mirrors, the image on the opposite side of the mirror is virtual, and the images on the same side of the mirror are real. The shows a virtual, upright, and smaller image. In comparison to the virtual image of the concave mirror, the virtual image of the convex mirror is still upright, but it is diminished (smaller) instead of enlarged and on the opposite side of the mirror instead of the same side. Again, the virtual image is formed by extending back the reflected diverging rays. 1. A ray parallel to the principal axis is reflected as if it comes from the focal point. 2. A ray directed toward the focal point is reflected parallel to the principal axis. 3. A ray passing through the center of curvature is reflected along itself. Virtual . image ObjectConcave Mirror Images 1. A ray parallel to the principal axis is reflected through the focal point. 2. A ray passing through the focal point is reflected parallel to the principal axis 3. A ray passing through the center of curvature is reflected along itself. Object Image Type of Position Position Image Ray Diagram Beyond C Between C Real, inverted, and F diminished Object Image Object 4 At C At C Real, inverted, same size Image Object + Between C Beyond C Real, inverted, and F bigger Imago Object Between C Beyond C Real, inverted, and F bigger No Image Vision . The different parts of the eye have different refractive indexes, and this is what bends the rays to form an image. The cornea provides two-thirds of the power to the eye. The lens provides the remaining power. The image passes through several layers of the eye, but this happens in a way very similar to that of a convex lens. When the image finally reaches the retina, it is inverted, but the brain will correct this. For the vision to be clear, the image has to be formed directly on the retina. The focus needs to be changed, much like a camera, depending on the distance and size of the object. The eye's lens is flexible, and changes shape. This changes the focal length. The eye's ciliary muscles control the shape of the lens. When you focus on something, you squeeze or relax these muscles.Vision Diagram An image is formed on the retina 3 and 4 with light rays converging most at C N 1 and 2 the cornea and upon entering and exiting the lens. Rays from the top and bottom of the object are traced and produce an inverted real image on the retina. The distance to the object is drawn smaller than scale. Near Sighted Vision Near sightedness, or myopia is a vision defect that occurs when the focus of the image is in front of the retina. This is shown in. Close objects are seen fine, but distant objects are blurry. This can be corrected by placing diverging lenses in front of the eye. This will cause the light rays to spread out before they enter the eye. Far Sighted Vision . Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is a vision defect that occurs when the focus of the image is behind the retina. This is shown in. Distant objects are seen fine, but closer objects are blurry. This can be corrected by placing converging lenses in front of the eye. This will cause the light rays to slightly converge IN together before they enter the eye.Activity 1 Multiple Choice Instead of writing A, B, C or D. Write Alpha for A, Beta for B, Chariie for C andfor Delta for D For items 1-3, consider the following situation: An object is placed in front of a concave spherical mirror as shown in the gure. Rays 1, 2, and 3 leave the top of the object and, after refection, converge at a point on top of the image. Ray 1 is parallel to the principal axis, ray 2 passes through F, and ray 3 passes through C. 1. Which will pass through F after reflection? 3. Ray 1 only b. Ray 2 only c. Ray 3 only d. Rays 1 and2 only 2. Which will reect back from the mirror surface a. Ray 1 only c. Ray 3 only b. Ray 2 only d. Rays 1 and2 only 3. Which of the following best describes the image that will be formed by the mirror? a. Real, inverted, reduced c. Real, inverted enlarged b. Real, upright, enlarged d. virtual, upright, enlarged 4. Which of the following refers to the center of the mirror? a. Aperture c. radius of curvature b. Center of curvature d. vertex 5. The eye focuses by a. Moving the lens c. moving both the lens and the retina b. Moving the retina d. changing the focal length of the lens 6. For a myopic eye. the image is formed . a. At the lens c. in front of the retina b. At the retina d. at the back of the retina 7. The ability of the eye to focus at different objects distance is called a. Accommodation c. image formation b. Reection cl. refraction power Activity 2 Problem Solving (1) and Essay (2) (Answers without solution will not be considered) A ball is held 50 cm in front of a PLANE mirror. What is the distance between the ball and its image? Activity 3 Problem Solving (Answer without solution will not be considered) Jeff, who is 6.0 f tall, stands in front of plane mirror. What is the shortest plane mirror that Jeff can use to see his full-sized image? (The answer is half his height (3 ft, explain your answer)