Generate a Literature Review Justification and Outline based on the topic and the potential Gap

This justification should be written in formal academic language and be structured like the introduction to a literature review paper

Topic: Lack of outside time and the effects it has on the mental health of children.

"In today's society where technology has become so easily accessible, parents subject children to viewing screens all day as opposed to playing outside in nature. Research suggests that children who have limited outside play and excessive screen time, often exhibit increased chances of getting mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. This literature review will examine how screen time affects the mental health of children and how adding more outside play can improve these issues. It would be essential to perform an extensive search of the academic literature that will include works published in peer-reviewed journals to aid in my research. The research will include measures and methodologies that will be discussed, along with a discussion of the results and/or any future direction if needed."

Potential Gap

"This literature review will investigate the impact of the duration and content of screen time on the mental health of children, with a specific focus on the potential gap in understanding the nuanced effects of various types of screen activities. While existing research has established a connection between excessive screen time and mental health issues in children, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the differential effects of passive screen activities (e.g., watching cartoons, videos) versus interactive screen activities (e.g., educational games, creative applications).

The vast majority of recent research frequently approaches all screen time as a single, homogeneous phenomenon, potentially excluding the various cognitive and psychological effects connected to various types of screen involvement. It is possible, for instance, that passive screen time may affect mental health differently than engaging and educational screen time. While interactive involvement may promote cognitive growth, passive engagement may be linked to a more sedentary lifestyle, which can have negative effects on physical health. The research attempts to fill this knowledge gap in the literature and offer a more comprehensive view of the connection between screen usage and children's mental health.

For parents, educators, and politicians looking for evidence-based recommendations for limiting children's screen time, this clarification is essential. Additionally, examining this distinction can provide possible directions for treatments, such promoting educational and interactive screen time as a component of a healthy lifestyle. In order to do this, the literature review will carefully examine the methodology and studies that have already been done, looking for trends and insights on the varied effects of passive and interactive screen time. This study intends to contribute to the continuing discussion on children's mental health in the digital era by critically analyzing the existing research and suggesting prospective areas for further exploration. It also provides useful implications for parents, educators, and healthcare professionals."

INCLUDE ALL REFERENCES

Adina Cox, Janet Loebach, & Sarah Little. (2018). Understanding the nature play milieu: Using behavior mapping to investigate children's activities in outdoor play spaces.Children, Youth and Environments,28(2), 232-261.https://doi.org/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.28.2.0232

Choe, D. E., Lawrence, A. C., & Cingel, D. P. (2023). The role of different screen media devices, child dysregulation, and parent screen media use in children's self-regulation. Psychology of Popular Media, 12(3), 324-334.https://doi-org.ezproxy.utpb.edu/10.1037/ppm0000412

Kahn, M., Schnabel, O., Gradisar, M., Rozen, G. S., Slone, M., Atzaba-Poria, N., Tikotzky, L., & Sadeh, A. (2021). Sleep, screen time and behavior problems in preschool children: An actigraphy study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(11), 1793-1802.https://doi-org.ezproxy.utpb.edu/10.1007/s00787-020-01654-w

Krafft, H., Boehm, K., Schwarz, S., Eichinger, M., Bssing, A., & Martin, D. (2023). Media awareness and screen time reduction in children, youth or families: A systematic literature review. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 54(3), 815-825.https://doi-org.ezproxy.utpb.edu/10.1007/s10578-021-01281-9

Konca, A. S. (2022). Digital technology usage of young children: Screen time and families.Early Childhood Education Journal, 50(7), 1097-1108.https://doi-org.ezproxy.utpb.edu/10.1007/s10643-021-01245-7

McArthur, B. A., Browne, D., Racine, N., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. (2022). Screen time as a mechanism through which cumulative risk is related to child socioemotional and developmental outcomes in early childhood. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 50(6), 709-720.https://doi-org.ezproxy.utpb.edu/10.1007/s10802-021-00895-w

McArthur, B. A., Racine, N., McDonald, S., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. (2023). Child and family factors associated with child mental health and well-being during COVID-19. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(2), 223-233.https://doi-org.ezproxy.utpb.edu/10.1007/s00787-021-01849-9

Oswald, T. K., Rumbold, A. R., Kedzior, S. G. E., & Moore, V. M. (2020). Psychological impacts of "screen time" and "green time" for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review.PLoS ONE,15(9).https://doi-org.ezproxy.utpb.edu/10.1371/journal.pone.0237725

Prioreschi, A., & Norris, S. A. (2022). Describing correlates of early childhood screen time and outdoor time in soweto, south africa. Infant and Child Development. https://doi-org.ezproxy.utpb.edu/10.1002/icd.2313

Santos, R. M. S., Mendes, C. G., Marques Miranda, D., & Romano-Silva, M. A. (2022). The association between screen time and attention in children: A systematic review.Developmental Neuropsychology,47(4), 175-192.https://doi-org.ezproxy.utpb.edu/10.1080/87565641.2022.2064863

Stienwandt, S., Cameron, E. E., Soderstrom, M., Casar, M., Le, C., & Roos, L. E. (2022). Familyfactors associated with hands-on play and screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child & Youth Care Forum, 51(6), 1091-1115.https://doi-org.ezproxy.utpb.edu/10.1007/s10566-021-09668-4

Wilson, B. J. (2008). Media and children's aggression, fear, and altruism.The Future of Children,18(1), 87-118.http://www.jstor.org/stable/20053121

Yang, F., Helgason, A. R., Sigfusdottir, I. D., & Kristjansson, A. L. (2013). Electronic screen use and mental well-being of 10-12-year-old children.European Journal of Public Health,23(3), 492-498.https://doi-org.ezproxy.utpb.edu/10.1093/eurpub/cks102

Here is an example Justification outline:

Justification Outline Example (Gap in Knowledge Review)

Immanual Kant (1785/1998), a deontologist, had a theory regarding how to be a moral person. He suggested that to be moral one should always perform behaviors related to perfect duties (being honest, being loyal) and one should occasionally perform behaviors pertaining to imperfect duties (being friendly, charitable, and cooperative). Research in social psychology suggests that Kant's theory aligns with how perceivers attribute traits and make judgments about other people's behavior (Trafimow & Trafimow, 1999; Trafimow, Bromgard, Finlay, & Ketelaar, 2005). That is, stronger trait attributions arise from the performance of behaviors pertaining to perfect rather than imperfect duties (Trafimow et al., 2005; Hughes & Trafimow, 2010). This has been shown for negative or immoral behaviors such that dishonest behaviors are seen as more indicative of a dishonest trait than unfriendly behaviors indicative of an unfriendly trait. However, there is less evidence that trait inferences are stronger when an actor performs a moral behavior pertaining to perfect compared to an imperfect duty. Further, it remains unclear how an actor's relationship to a target person affects trait and moral attributions, particularly for behaviors pertaining to different moral duties. One's relationship with an interaction partner should influence the trait and moral attribution. This idea is supported by evidence that moral attributions are stronger when an actor harms a relationship partner compared to a co-worker or stranger (Hughes, Creech, & Strosser, 2016). Further, the mutualistic approach to morality (Baumard, Andre, & Sperber, 2013) suggests that it was adaptive to enact moral behaviors toward those who were selected for mutually beneficial relationships. This theory implies that there is a moral norm to treat relationship partners differently than strangers. Evidence from young children also points to the possibility of a moral norm. They behave as though they have a moral obligation to those in their ingroup but not to those in the outgroup (Rhodes & Chalik, 2013). If moral norms exist people should treat close others differently than less close others. For example, people are honest and loyal to loved one's because they value their relationships and desire to maintain them. Enactment of perfect duties toward strangers represent motives that are less central to one's moral character (i.e., loyalty and honesty toward strangers is not diagnostic) whereas enactment of imperfect duties toward strangers is expected to provide more information about a person's true moral character in part because it is not normative. This line of reasoning was supported in a study (Hughes, 2015) whereby a charitable behavior (i.e., giving someone money) was seen as more indicative of a charitable trait when enacted toward strangers and co-workers compared to family and friends. Further in studies involving physical harm toward a spouse versus a co-worker or stranger. In studies involving judgments about an actor, Hughes and her colleagues (2016) found that harm toward a stranger or co-worker resulted in lower moral character ratings compared to harm toward one's spouse. This indicates that harm toward close others (and harm may be thought of as a violation of a perfect duty) is more diagnostic of one's moral character than harm toward less close others. In this literature review, the connection between attributions about moral duties, and moral attributions about close versus non-close others will be elaborated upon. Further, I will argue that this gap in the research should be explored.

The justification for the literature review should rest on empirical evidence related to the topic. Support the claims you make (e.g., that a gap exists or that a controversy exists) using empirical evidence from the articles listed.

It must include the following components:

• A clear thesis statement describing the topic as well as what specific aspects of the topic will be discussed in the final literature review paper.
• A statement or discussion about the theoretical importance* of the topic. That is, how does research on the topic relate to theoretical or methodological questions (see the document "comparing literature reviews to introduction sections" for more information about the three types of literature reviews discussed below). This should include a discussion of one of the following
• 1) What empirical research is missing from the literature (Gap in Knowledge review)
• 2) New methods or techniques used in this area of research (State of the Art or State of the Science review)
• 3) A controversy in this area research (Establishing a Controversy)
• Include an outline of specific topics to be discussed in an appendix following the reference page

Please make this justification concise and brief**. provide a short summary of the above.