Genuine Spice Inc. began operations on January 1 of the current year. The company produces eight- ounce bottles of hand and body lotion called Eternal Beauty. The lotion is sold wholesale in 12-bottle cases for $100 per case. There is a selling commission of $20 per case. The January direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs are as follows:

DIRECT MATERIALS
	Cost Behavior	Units per Case	Cost per Unit	Cost per Case
Cream base	Variable	100 oz.	$0.02	$ 2.00
Natural oils	Variable	30 oz.	0.30	9.00
Bottle (8-oz.)	Variable	12 bottles	0.50	6.00
				$17.00

DIRECT LABOR
Department	Cost Behavior	Time per Case	Labor Rate per Hour	Cost per Case
Mixing	Variable	20 min.	$18.00	$6.00
Filling	Variable	5	14.40	1.20
		25 min.		$7.20

FACTORY OVERHEAD
	Cost Behavior	Total Cost
Utilities	Mixed	$600
Facility lease	Fixed	14,000
Equipment depreciation	Fixed	4,300
Supplies	Fixed	660
		$19,560

Part CAugust Variance Analysis

During September of the current year, the controller was asked to perform variance analyses for August. The January operating data provided the standard prices, rates, times, and quantities per case. There were 1,500 actual cases produced during August, which was 250 more cases than planned at the beginning of the month. Actual data for August were as follows:

	Actual Direct Materials
	Price per Unit	Quantity per Case
Cream base	$0.016 per oz.	102 oz.
Natural oils	$0.32 per oz.	31 oz.
Bottle (8-oz.)	$0.42 per bottle	12.5 bottles

	Actual Direct	Actual Direct Labor
	Labor Rate	Time per Case
Mixing	$18.20	19.50 min.
Filling	14.00	5.60 min.

Actual variable overhead	$305.00
Normal volume	1,600 cases

The prices of the materials were different from standard due to fluctuations in market prices. The standard quantity of materials used per case was an ideal standard. The Mixing Department used a higher grade labor classification during the month, thus causing the actual labor rate to exceed standard. The Filling Department used a lower grade labor classification during the month, thus causing the actual labor rate to be less than standard

	Required-Part C:
10.	Determine and interpret the direct materials price and quantity variances for the three materials.
11.	Determine and interpret the direct labor rate and time variances for the two departments. Round hours to the nearest tenth of an hour.
12.	Determine and interpret the factory overhead controllable variance.
13.	Determine and interpret the factory overhead volume variance.
14.	Why are the standard direct labor and direct materials costs in the calculations for parts (10) and (11) based on the actual 1,500-case production volume rather than the planned 1,375 cases of production used in the budgets for parts (6) and (7)?

Variance Analysis (Part C)

10. Determine and interpret the direct materials price and quantity variances for the three materials. Enter a favorable variance as a negative amount, and an unfavorable variance as a positive amount.

Direct Materials Quantity Variance
	Cream Base		Natural Oils		Bottles
Difference
X
Direct materials quantity variance

The fluctuation in caused the direct material price variances. All the quantity variances were indicating .

11. Determine and interpret the direct labor rate and time variances for the two departments. Round hours to the nearest tenth of an hour. Enter a favorable variance as a negative amount, and an unfavorable variance as a positive amount.

Direct Labor Rate Variance
	Mixing Department		Filling Department
Difference
X
Direct labor rate variance

Direct Labor Time Variance
	Mixing Department		Filling Department
Difference
X
Direct labor time variance

The change in the caused the labor rate variances. This change have been responsible for the direct labor time variance.

12. Determine and interpret the factory overhead controllable variance. Enter a favorable variance as a negative amount, and an unfavorable variance as a positive amount.

Factory Overhead Controllable Variance
Factory overhead controllable variance

The factory overhead controllable variance was caused by the variance in .

13. Determine and interpret the factory overhead volume variance. Round rate to four decimal places. Enter a favorable variance as a negative amount, and an unfavorable variance as a positive amount.

Factory Overhead Volume Variance
Normal volume (cases)
Actual volume (cases)
Difference
X
Factory overhead volume variance

The volume variance indicates the cost of .

14. Why are the standard direct labor and direct materials costs in the calculations for parts (10) and (11) based on the actual 1,500-case production volume rather than the planned 1,375 cases of production used in the budgets for parts (6) and (7)?