George and Phyllis are married, and their filing status for 2023 is married filing jointly. George and Phyllis earned salaries this year of $65,000 and $72,000, respectively. In addition to their salaries, they received interest income in the amount of $270 from state and local bonds issued by the City of Tuscaloosa, and they received $615 of interest income from a savings account at a local bank. George and Phyllis paid $9,000 in expenses that are deductible for AGI. George and Phyllis have an 8-year-old son, Scott, who lived with them throughout the entire year. George and Phyllis are allowed to claim a $2,000 child tax credit for Scott. George and Phyllis paid $22,000 of expenditures that qualify as itemized deductions, and they had a total of $14,500 in federal income taxes withheld from their paychecks during the course of the year. George and Phyllis do not own an interest in a partnership or S Corporation, and neither George nor Phyllis are sole proprietors. Recall that the standard deduction for married filing jointly taxpayers in 2023 is $27,700. Using the individual income tax formula, calculate the amount of federal income tax due or the refund to be received for the 2023 tax year.