Gerald and Ezio became friends when they both worked part-time at Loblaws while in University. Since they graduated, for the past five years they have owned and operated their own franchise grocery store, Gerald and Ezio's Kwality Foods Inc. (GEKF).Kwality Foods Inc., the franchisor, is well known for its low prices and simple (but clean and orderly) stores.

GEKF has experienced increased competition over the past five years as nearby retailers have expanded their operations into groceries and produce.Over the same time, food costs have increased. This is due to a number of factors, including droughts, decreasing production of some items they sell and the depreciation of the Canadian dollar to the United States Dollar and Mexican Peso (as much of GEKF's produce is imported from these countries, this has resulted in lower margins and a decline in revenue growth).

Osti & Shwartz LLP were approached to be the auditor of GEKF as their previous auditor had experienced some staff retirements and turnover and were not able to do the audit this year. Based on discussion with the prior auditor, there had been no major misstatements identified during the previous audit, with the only concerns raised were weaknesses with inventory and pricing controls. The previous auditor identified that Gerald and Ezio's strong involvement and oversight in all aspects of the business has ensured the successful operation of the business.Based on this, Osti & Schwartz LLP agreed to be the auditors.

The audit is a requirement of franchise agreement with Kwality Foods Inc. The franchise agreement, stipulates a variety of clauses that give Kwality Foods Inc. (the franchisor) the right to cancel the agreement. Kwality Foods Inc. has only used these cancellation clauses in the past for franchisees that did not pay the correct franchise fee on time and for franchisees experiencing significant declines in their profit margins.

The audit is also a requirement of the bank that loaned money to GEKF to fund recent store renovations. The loan has a covenant that GEKF must maintain at least a 1.5:1 current ratio (current assets divided by current liabilities) or the loan is payable in full to the bank.Gerald and Ezio also identified a new partner to join them in the business in early 2020 and expect to use a percentage of fiscal 2019's audited net income to determine the amount that the new partner will pay into the business.

Gerald and Ezio met with the Osti & Shwartz LLP audit team to start this year's audit process. The following points were raised by Gerald and Ezio:

• GEKF primarily hires part-time high school and university students as employees. They were fortunate that until the most recent year, employee turnover was low. This year they had to hire a number of new employees. As there has not been time to give them formal training on store procedures, the new staff were making a number of mistakes, which was expected to decrease as they get more experience.

• To encourage customer loyalty, in 2019 GEKF started selling a $400 store membership card. The membership card is valid for one-year from the time of purchase and gives holders access to exclusive store coupons and 2% off their purchases. The purchase of the membership card is non-refundable, but Gerald and Ezio have granted some refunds to a few individuals with special circumstances (such as moving out of town). Other than this new program, revenue recognition is very simple as customers pay cash, credit card or debit card to purchase goods and returns and exchanges are not permitted.

• Kwality Foods Inc. established an internal audit function that started doing audits of franchisees. They performed a payroll audit of all franchise locations after a number of employees made complaints to the company. GEKF's payroll controls were identified as operating effectively.

• During the year, a customer slipped in the store on a puddle of water and broke their leg. The customer was a postal service employee and sued GEKF for damages relating to lost wages and time and suffering. GEKF is currently negotiating a settlement with the customer to avoid going to trial over the matter. While GEKF did not set up a contingent liability for the lawsuit, they are keeping Kwality Foods Inc. updated.

Gerald & Ezio were excited to start working with the Osti & Shwartz LLP audit team and indicated that if the audit goes well, they would be willing to hire the firm for additional consulting engagements to see if operations can be made more cost efficient. While the previous auditor generally took eight-weeks to do the audit, they were hoping this year the audit could be done in six weeks so that they can finalize the purchase agreement with the new partner soon. In addition to providing the audited financial statements, Gerald & Ezio were hoping that the audit team could provide a listing of control deficiencies identified by the audit team during the audit with recommendations to improve them. They were also hoping that the audit team would meet with the new buyer and discuss how buying into GEKF is a solid investment.

Osti & Shwartz LLP were provided extracts of GEKF's financial statements (Exhibit 1).

Exhibit 1

Extracts from Gerald and Ezio's Kwality Foods Inc. Financial Statements

Statement of Earnings

Unaudited

Audited

Dec. 31,2019

Dec. 31,2018

Revenue

Sales Revenue

$3,191,840

$2,776,720

Costs and expenses

Total Expenses

$2,616,250

$2,320,104

Earnings before income taxes

$575,590

$456,700

Income taxes

$115,118

$91,323

Net earnings

$460,472

$365,293

Statement of Financial Position

Unaudited

Audited

Dec. 31,2019

Dec. 31,2018

Assets

$2,242,500

$1,994,000

Liabilities

$675,500

$569,000

Shareholders Equity

$1,567,500 $1,425,000

1. Identify three case facts that increase/decrease the risk of material misstatement at the account balance and assertion level.For each case fact identified indicate: the account balance and assertion affected, whether the factor increases or decreases risk, the type of risk (inherent or control) affected and provide your rationale. (6 marks)

Case fact which impacts RMM at the account balance level

Account balance and assertion

CR or IR?

Increase or decrease risk

Rationale for why this factor decreases/increases RMM