give reference for the following:4. Opportunities in Africa: Despite the challenges, Africa offers significant opportunities. The continent has a growing middle class, increasing urbanization, and a young population. These factors create a demand for retail goods (Nielsen, 2018). 5. Successful Supply Chain Strategies in Africa: Companies that have successfully expanded in Africa have adopted various strategies. These include building local partnerships, investing in infrastructure, and adapting to local consumer preferences (KPMG, 2017)