Given the ROE-related findings above for both Red Snail and Purple Whale, answer the following question:

1	The use of financial leverage (increase or decrease) a firms expected ROE, (increases, decreases) the probability of a large loss, and consequently (increases, decreases) the risk borne by the firms stockholders.
	The greater a firms chance of bankruptcy, the (lower, higher) its optimal debt ratio will be.
	(a conservative, an aggressive) manager is more likely to use debt in an effort to boost profits.

Companies that use debt in their capital structure are said to be using financial leverage. Using leverage can increase shareholder returns, but leverage also increases the risk that shareholders bear. Consider the following case: Red Snail Satellite Company is considering a project that will require $700,000 in assets. The project will be financed with 100% equity. The company faces a tax rate of 40%. Assuming that the project generates an expected EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) of $170,000, then Red Snail's anticipated ROE (return on equity) for the project will be: 8.74% 16.03% 14.57% 12.38% In contrast, assume that the project's EBIT is only $50,000. When calculating the tax effects, assume that the entire Red Snail Satellite Company will earn a large, positive income this year. The resulting ROE will be Now consider the case of the Purple Whale Foodstuffs Inc.: 5.16% 4.30% Purple Whale Foodstuffs Inc. is considering implementing a projec to finance the $700,000.00 in additional assets using 50% equity 4.73% dentical to that being evaluated by Red Snail-although Purple Whale wants be 15%, and the project is forecasted to generate an EBIT of $173.44% debt capital. The interest rate on Purple Whale's new debt is expected to a result, the project is expected to generate a ROE of Now assume that Purple Whale finances the same project with 50% debt and 50% equity capital, but expects it to generate an EBIT of only $50,000. Further assume that the company as a whole will generate a large, positive income this year, such that any loss generated by the project (with its resulting tax saving) will be offset by the company's other (positive) income. Remember, the interest rate on Purple Whale's debt is 15%. Under these conditions, it is reasonable to expect that Purple Whale will generate a ROE of: 0.4% 0.52% 0.48% 0.36% Purple Whale Foodstuffs Inc. is considering implementing a project that is identical to that being evaluated by Red Snail-although Purple Whale wants to finance the $700,000.00 in additional assets using 50% equity and 50% debt capital. The interest rate on Purple Whale's new debt is expected to be 15%, and the project is forecasted to generate an EBIT of $170,000. As a result, the project is expected to generate a ROE of Now assume that Purple Whale finances the same project with 50% debt and 50% equity capital, but expects it to generate an EB 14.10%;50,000. Further assume that the company as a whole will generate a large, positive income this year, such that any loss generated by the resulting tax saving) will be offset by the company's other (positive) income. Remember, the interest rate on Purple Whale's debt conditions, it is reasonable to expect that Purple Whale will generate a ROE of: 0.4% 20.14% th its 23.16% der these 0.52% 0.48% 0.36%