"Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990- 2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"

In the article, The Lancet reported that the maternal mortality rate in the United States was 26.4 per 100,000. The media subsequently published editorials and produced news pieces conveying The Lancet's findings.

For example:

"The findings are part of a gathering body of evidence on the dismal numbers for maternal mortality among American women and how they keep getting worse.

1.Using the CDC website, list the primary causes for maternal mortality:

https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pmss.html

2.The Lancet reported that the 2015 US MMR was 26.4/100,000.

a.How is 26.4 defined in the above MMR (be very specific):

b.How is 100,000 defined in the above MMR:

3.What are some reasons that might explain the rising trend in the US MMR as illustrated in the line graph published by NPR?

4.Sometimes it's useful to compare measures of morbidity or mortality between geographic regions.

a.Based on the findings from The Lancet's article, what assumptions do you make when you compare the US MMR (26.4/100,000) to Frances's MMR 7.8/100,000? How might these assumptions be associated with limitations when comparing rates between countries?

b.Why might it be useful to compare MMR's between countries?

5.Recently the World Health Organization reported the 2015 US MMR was 14/100,000. Recall, that The Lancet reported the 2015 US MMR was 26.4/100,000. What are some possible reasons for this difference?

6.Between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2000, 396 women died from maternal causes. During this same year, there were 4,058,814 births. During this same year 50,000 women were diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, of which 123 died as a result. There were 2,403,351 total deaths (from any cause) during 2000.

a.What is the Maternal Mortality Ratio for 2000? How should this be interpreted?

b.What was the Case Fatality (%) for pre-eclampsia in 2000? How should this be interpreted?

c.What is the Proportionate Mortality for pre-eclampsia for 2000? How should this be interpreted?

Formulas