Good day. Can someone help me formulate multiple choice questions out of these topics for at least a 1-50 items? Moreover, please provide me with your answer.

Transnational Crime

*A working definition of transnational crime:

Crime that impacts on more than one jurisdiction. ei one country to another

*Adapted from the United Nations Convention on Translational Organised Crime:

Committed by Organized criminal groups that have a home base in one state, but

cooperate in one or more host states where there are favorable market opportunities.

Well known types:

? drugs, economic, people smuggling, money laundering, environmental

What about:

? people trafficking, sea piracy, arms trafficking, precursor chemicals

? terrorism and the crimes that underpin or facilitate terrorism

Crossing of borders by:

? people - criminals, fugitives and victims

? things - commodities

? intent - traffic, defraud, circumvent etc

With international recognition of the crime:

? Conventions, Treaties and Laws

Philippine Experience

? Human Trafficking and

Smuggling

? Money Laundering

? Small Arms and Light

Weapons

? Terrorism

? Drug Trafficking

? Sexual Slavery

? Cyber Crime

Human Trafficking

? Human Trafficking involves the recruitment, transport, harboring, or sale of

persons, within or across national borders, for the purpose of exploiting their

labor.

? Trafficked persons are also victims of organ removal and sale.

? Human trafficking is the acquisition of people by improper means such as force,

fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them.

? Smuggling migrants involves the procurement for financial or other material

benefit of illegal entry of a person into a State of which that person is not a

national or resident.

Human Trafficking and Human Smuggling

?

Human Trafficking

- Usually involves coercion

- Characterized by subsequent exploitation after the illegal entry of a

person into a foreign country.

- Considered a human rights issue

?

Human Smuggling

- Usually does not involve coercion.

- Characterized by facilitating, for an illegal entry of a person into a

foreign country

- Considered a migration concern

PHILIPPINE DOMESTIC LAWS

?

Republic Act No. 9208-"Anti-trafficking in Persons Act of 2003".

?

Republic Act No. 7610-"Special Protection of Children Against Abuse,

Exploitation and Discrimination Act".

?

Republic Act No. 8042-"Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipino Act"

?

Republic Act No. 6955-"An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching

Filipino Women for Marriage to Foreign Nationals on a Mail-Order Basis and

Other similar Practices...

?

Republic Act No. 8239- "Philippine Passport Act of 1996"

The most common destination for victims of human trafficking are Thailand,

Japan, Israel, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, turkey and the US according to the

report by the UNODC, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.

The major sources of trafficked persons include Thailand, China, Nigeria,

Albania, Bulgaria, Belarus, Moldovo, and Ukraine.

CAUSES OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

?

Poverty

? Uneven economic development

?

Family orientation & values

?

Weak enforcement of laws

?

Corruption

?

Immediate benefits of working

abroad

ILLEGAL RECRUITMENT

R.A. 8042

Illegal Recruitment shall mean any act of canvassing, enlisting,

contracting, transporting, utilizing, hiring or procuring of workers which includes

referring, contract services, promising or advertising for employment abroad, whether for

profit or not, when undertaken by a non-license or non-holder of authority

Modus Operandi of Illegal Recruiters

?

Tourist Worker Scheme

?

Escort Services

?

Blind Ads

?

By Correspondence

?

Backdoor Exit

? Assumed identity

?

Trainee-Worker Scheme

? Visa Assistance or Immigration Consultancy Scheme

?

Camouflaged participants/representatives in seminars/sports events

?

Mail Order Bride Scheme

?

Tie-Up or Kabit System

ADOPTION METHOD

? Adoption of Children to smuggle out of the country;

?

Foreigners will pretend to adopt them; but the reality, they will be sold to:

-labor markets

-Prostitution dens

FAMILY TOURS

?

Organized by unscrupulous travel agency to have one "bogus family";

?

Somebody will pretend as parents; and

?

Children will use tampered documents to complete the bogus family.

BACKDOOR EXIT

?

MANILA - PALAWAN - KUDAT, MALAYSIA

?

MANILA - PALAWAN - CAGAYAN DE ORO - TAWI-TAWI -

SANDAKAN - KOTA KINABALU

Money Laundering

Conversion or transfer of property knowing that such property is derived from

a criminal offense, for the purpose of concealing or disguising the illicit origin or the

property, or assisting any person who is involved in the commission of such offense,

or offenses, to evade legal consequences of his action; (UN Definition)

Money laundering suggests a cycle of transactions in which the illegitimate

dirty money comes out clean after being processed into a legitimate legal source.

(Fairchild, 2001)

The monetary proceeds of criminal activity are converted into funds with an

apparent legal source. (Manzel, 1996)

"The process of converting cash, or other property, which is derived from

criminal activity, so as to give it the appearance of having been obtained from a

legitimate source."

Philippine Definition (AMLA Section 4) (R.A. 9160 Anti Money Laundering

Act of the Philippines) is a crime whereby the proceeds of unlawful activity are

transacted, thereby making them appear to have originated from legitimate source.

"TURNING OF DIRTY MONEY INTO CLEAN MONEY"

PLACEMENT BANK LAYERING A Typical Money Dirty Money Inlegroles Into the Financial System Collection of Dirty Money Laundering Tronster on Scheme Company X ol Fol Be Wire Tronster Compo Bork Purchase Cl Lutry Asmara Financial Investments Company "T" INTEGRATION