Gordon wants to conduct an experiment to test the hypothesis that drinking more water in a day increases the number of words recalled on a studied word list. He wants to get a good understanding of the effect of water consumption on memory, so he will test consumption of 20, 40, 60, and 80 oz of water in a day. Because people differ so much in terms of their water absorption, he wants to test every condition in the same people and compare results within the same group. He will ask each person to drink a designated amount of water on four, consecutive days of the week, and, test a word-memory task at 9 pm at the end of each day. He's not sure what the order of the conditions should be, but every day participants would consume a different amount of water. One method would be as follows: on Monday participants drink 20 oz, on Tuesday participants drink 40 oz, on Wednesday participants drink 60 oz, and, on Thursday participants drink 80 oz. Gordon is concerned about order effects that might be a confound in his study.

a) Explain how Gordon should design his experiment to use full counter-balancing to deal with order effects. Be sure to describe specifics, such as how many groups he would have, and, what each group would do over the four days.

b) What is one advantage and one disadvantage of using full counter-balancing for this study?

c) Explain how Gordon should design his experiment to use a Latin Square to deal with order effects. Be sure to describe specifics, such as how many groups he would have, and, what each group would do over the four days.

d) What is one advantage and one disadvantage of using a Latin Square for this study?

e) Why is randomizing not a viable option to deal with order effects in this study?

Reference Textbook: https://hk1lib.org/book/3499323/ede799