Governments often adopt certain policies in order to promote desired behaviors among their citizens. For each of the following policies, determine what the incentive is and what behavior the government is trying to change, what alternative behavior is it trying to promote. In each case, why do you think that the government might wish to change people s behavior, rather than allow their actions to be solely determined by individual actions?

a) A subsidy of $450 when any individual in the US is vaccinated for COVID-19 when a new breakthrough vaccine is released.

b) The government pays college students to help children study/learn from low-income inner-city families.