Governments often implement price ceilings to protect consumers from the high prices of essential goods and services that frequently follow natural disasters. One unfortunate side effect of these price ceilings is that they will likely _____.(1 point)

• lead to a surplus as prices are kept from rising to their equilibrium level
• lead to a shortage as prices are kept from rising to their equilibrium level
• lead to a shortage as prices are kept from falling to their equilibrium level
• lead to a surplus as prices are kept from falling to their equilibrium level