Gregorich Incorporated makes a single product--a critical part used in commercial airline seats. The company has a standard cost system in which it applies overhead to this product based on the standard machine-hours allowed for the actual output of the period. Data concerning the most recent year appear below:

Budgeted fixed manufacturing overhead	$	294,490
Budgeted production (a)		35,000	units
Standard hours per unit (b)		1.40	machine-hours
Budgeted hours (a) (b)		49,000	machine-hours
Actual production (a)		30,000	units
Standard hours per unit (b)		1.40	machine-hours
Standard hours allowed for the actual production (a) (b)		42,000	machine-hours
Actual fixed manufacturing overhead	$	314,490
Actual hours		40,600	machine-hours

The fixed overhead budget variance is:

2.

Hoag Corporation applies manufacturing overhead to products on the basis of standard machine-hours. Budgeted and actual fixed manufacturing overhead costs for the most recent month appear below:

	Original Budget			Actual Costs
Fixed overhead costs:
Supervision	$	9,880		$	9,970
Utilities		4,160			4,440
Factory depreciation		21,320			21,190
Total fixed manufacturing overhead cost	$	35,360		$	35,600

The company based its original budget on 2,600 machine-hours. The company actually worked 2,280 machine-hours during the month. The standard hours allowed for the actual output of the month totaled 2,080 machine-hours. What was the overall fixed manufacturing overhead volume variance for the month?

3.

Ferrero Corporation manufactures one product. It does not maintain any beginning or ending Work in Process inventories. The company uses a standard cost system in which inventories are recorded at their standard costs and any variances are closed directly to Cost of Goods Sold. The company has provided the following information:

Actual sales		35,800	units
Actual selling price	$	40.40	per unit
Standard cost	$	33.30	per unit
Actual selling and administrative expenses	$	121,000

The company does not have any variable manufacturing overhead costs and it recorded the following variances during the year:

Materials price variance	$	76,960	F
Materials quantity variance	$	600	U
Labor rate variance	$	21,776	F
Labor efficiency variance	$	28,800	U
Fixed manufacturing overhead budget variance	$	15,000	F
Fixed manufacturing overhead volume variance	$	41,580	F

When the company closes its standard cost variances, the Cost of Goods Sold will increase (decrease) by: