Group 1 Case and Questions:

1. Carillion Plc UK: Ethics and Professional Engagement Case (20 marks)

Carillion was a British multinational created in July 1999, following a demerger from Tarmac. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange, and in 2016 had 43,000 employees. The company experienced financial difficulties in 2017. In September 2017 Keith Cochrane the Chief Executive Officer told investors that the business had accepted too many projects which turned out unprofitable and for which the amount paid was insufficient for the cost of work done. The Financial Times later reported Carillion had just 29m in cash when it collapsed, and would have run out of cash by 18 January 2018.

The Big4 firms (KPMG, EY, PwC and Deloitte) were engaged in providing consulting services for Carillion. However, immediately, after the collapse of Carillion (compulsory liquidation) on January 2018, the most drastic procedure in UK insolvency law, with liabilities of almost 7 billion.

The collapse of Carillion led to UK parliamentary inquiries about the conduct of the firm's directors, its auditors and many other agencies. For example, the Business, Work, and Pensions Select Committees wrote to the 'Big 4' firms, KPMG, EY, PwC and Deloitte, asking for detailed accounts of services offered (auditing services, assurance and consulting services) to Carillion, its subsidiaries and pension scheme since 2008, and what fees were received.

During the parliamentary inquiries at 30 January 2018 hearing, Frank Field asked the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) head Stephen Hadrill whether the 'Big 4' should be broken up in the wake of Carillion's collapse. The ethical and professional conduct of the Big4 were in disrepute as they were evidence to show that they were part of Carillion Plc business process from 2008 to its collapse. The auditing firms were more interested about their fees and revenue from Carillion. On 13 February 2018, the 'Big 4' were described by Field as "feasting on what was soon to become a carcass" after collecting fees of 72m for Carillion work during the years leading up to its collapse.

It later emerged that Carillion paid 6.4m to 12 firms of advisers the day before pleading for an emergency 10m loan from the UK Government; 2.5m was paid to Ernst and Young, with other large payments to Slaughter and May (1.2m), FTI Consulting (1m) and Lazard and Co (0.5m). In January 2019, KPMG announced it had suspended the partner that led Carillion's audit and three members of his team, and the FRC opened a second investigation into how KPMG audited Carillion's accounts. After redundant staff of Carillion made claimed that PwC did not provide information necessary for them to claim redundancy pay and statutory notice pay, causing financial hardship and threatening their mortgages payment.

question

1. Discuss and Explain any 6 (six) ways, in which the Risk Assessment Process or procedure can be conducted.