Group dynamics are the processes that occur between group members. These dynamics are affected by each member's internal thoughts and feelings, their expressed thoughts and feelings, their nonverbal communication, and the relationship between group members. Group dynamics helps you understand how each person's actions make sense in the context of the group.

Systems theory describes how individuals behave within a system. As groups are considered systems, systems theory helps us begin to understand group dynamics. Systems theory involves understanding that group dynamics is a more complex process than just summing up the individual characteristics of each group member. Instead, group dynamics is best understood by combining the characteristics of each group member, how each group member's actions affect the group, and how these group interactions affect each group member. This creates a cyclical and reciprocal feedback loop which simultaneously impacts all group members and all group members' relationships. According to systems theory, there are a few important factors which affect group dynamics. Let's take a look at them. Often, one or more group members will hold more power within the group by being influential in some regard. They might be more assertive with their opinion, exhibit leadership characteristics, or have a charismatic personality.

Example: Rachel tends to be a more outspoken member of the treatment team. Over time, the team has come to rely on Rachel to make important decisions. Because Rachel has a strong role in team decision-making, she holds significant power in the group. Members within a group tend to either take care of other group members emotionally, or be taken care of. This dynamic often creates an imbalance of needs getting met. Those who over-support others in the group tend to be less assertive in getting their needs met.

For example, Sheena can't stand conflict within the group. Whenever there is tension between two group members, she will often begin complimenting both group members in an attempt to make them feel better. Sheena spends so much time managing group conflict, she never talks about her own problems and struggles. Within a larger group, smaller subgroups often form for various reasons. These subgroups can impact the dynamics within the group because group members may support those members within their subgroup, and confront those outside of their subgroup.

For example, Jan and Marcia have become close friends in their anxiety support group. When another group member confronts Marcia about her being overly aloof, Jan steps in to defend her, even when Jan has been hurt by Marcia's aloofness.

After reading the introduction  , discuss the term "cliques" or subgroups within the larger working group. Discuss how do to deal with this phenomenon in order to get to productivity?